REFLEXÕES SOBRE A METAFÍSICA DE SCHOPENHAUER..docx

This work seeks small reflections on the metaphysics of Arthur Schopenhauer. O German philosopher is considered by many as the creator of a metaphysics pessimist, could this pessimistic metaphysics be added to the contemporary world? The intellectual content of considering the world evil and suffering, and at the same time considering naive person who thinks differently, it could be a fallacy and also a lack of arguments convincing. Schopenhauer wanted to deeply investigate the being of things and the world, Therefore, his philosophy can be a key to understanding what we think determinant and necessary in the face of a world of possibilities and contingencies. O The objective of this work is to reflect on Schopenhauer's metaphysical thought. For For this, we will mainly use the author's magnum opus: the world as will and representation. To try to simplify Schopenhauer's metaphysics, we will use the work “Schopenhauer: step-by-step philosophy” by Jair Barboza, Arthur scholar Schopenhauer, who brilliantly divided the German philosopher's metaphysics into metaphysics of beauty, metaphysics of nature and metaphysics of ethics. To help us interpret the more difficult concepts and words, we will use the author’s “Schopenhauer Vocabulary” Alain Roger. Finally, to detail Schopenhauer’s concept of compassion, we will use the book “On the foundation of morals” by the author himself and the article by philosophy professor, Wander Andrade de Paula, entitled: Moral ordering of the world and justification of existence in Schopenhauer’s metaphysics”. We hope that in this work, the reader can delve into Schopenhauer's thought and bring new contemporary reflections本研究旨在对亚瑟·叔本华（Arthur Schopenhauer）的形而上学展开精微省思。这位德国哲学家被诸多学者视为悲观主义形而上学的奠基者，那么这种悲观主义形而上学能否适用于当代世界？ 若仅认定世界充斥着邪恶与苦难，却将持不同见解者斥为幼稚，这种立场不仅存在逻辑谬误，亦缺乏令人信服的论证支撑。叔本华曾致力于深入探究万物与世界的存在本质，因此其哲学或可成为理解我们在充满可能性与偶然性的世界中，何为决定性且必然之认知的关键钥匙。 本研究的核心目标，即对叔本华的形而上学思想展开省思。为此，我们将主要依托这位哲学家的扛鼎之作：《作为意志和表象的世界》（The World as Will and Representation）。 为简化对叔本华形而上学的理解，我们将采用亚瑟·叔本华研究学者贾尔·巴博萨（Jair Barboza）所著的《叔本华：循序渐进的哲学》一书，该书将这位德国哲学家的形而上学精妙地划分为美学形而上学、自然形而上学与伦理形而上学三大板块。 为辅助我们解读较为艰深的概念与术语，我们将参考阿兰·罗热（Alain Roger）所著的《叔本华术语词典》。最后，为详尽阐释叔本华的同情概念，我们将同时援引叔本华本人的《论道德的基础》（On the Foundation of Morals），以及哲学教授万德·安德拉德·德·保拉（Wander Andrade de Paula）的题为《叔本华形而上学中的世界道德秩序与存在证成》的论文。 我们希冀通过本研究，能让读者深入领会叔本华的思想，并催生新的当代省思。