CTD-associated variables, bottle salinity measurements, oxygen titrations, nutrient analyses, biogeochemical/biological variables, and DIC/Freon chemistry variables from R/V Roger Revelle cruise RR2004 along the 150W meridian from 30S to 60S

These data are part of the NSF project \"Collaborative Research: Biogeochemical and Physical Conditioning of Sub-Antarctic Mode Water in the Southern Ocean\". Specifically, these are the discrete bottle data from cruise RR2004 aboard R/V Roger Revelle, which sailed from Honolulu, Hawaii on 26 December 2020 to the Southern Ocean and returned to Honolulu on 23 February 2021. The purpose of the project was to define the processes that condition Sub-Antarctic Mode Water (SAMW) formed at the Sub-Antarctic Front in the Southern Ocean. The cruise track was from 30 degrees South to 60 degrees South along the 150 degrees West meridian as well as an investigation of frontal boundaries and eddies further east (from 45S to 57S by ~145W). Bottle data were collected from CTD casts with tripped Niskin bottles on the CTD Rosette. Trace-metal-clean casts were performed using Niskin-X bottles suspended on Kevlar line and a trace-metal-clean block. The data reported herein fall into several categories, A) CTD-associated variables, B) bottle salinity measurements, C) oxygen titrations and nutrient analyses, biogeochemical/biological variables, and D) DIC/Freon chemistry variables. Regarding the specific data, we first report CTD variables (salinity, temperature, potential temperature, density, dissolved oxygen, sound velocity, pressure, depth, conductivity, SeaBird-probe-derived oxygen concentrations, chlorophyll fluorescence, beam transmittance (660nm; %), backscattering, CTD PAR, and surface PAR reference. Next, results from bottle samples for salinity, lab oxygen titration, and nutrient concentrations (nitrate, phosphate, silicate, nitrite, and ammonium). The following biogeochemical and biological variables are presented: particulate organic carbon concentration (POC), particulate organic nitrogen (PON), and particulate inorganic carbon (PIC), concentration of detached coccoliths (given as birefringent singlets, doublets, triplets, or quadruplets, when viewed in a compound microscope with polarization optics), total coccolith concentration (the sum of singlets, doublets, triplets or quadruplets), concentration of birefringent plated coccolithophore cells, coccospheres or coccolith aggregates, planar area subtended by detached coccoliths or plated cells, concentration of biogenic silica, concentration of chlorophyll, phaeopigment and their sum. There are a suite of variables from FlowCAM measurements, mostly done on particles greater than 5 micrometers (um) in diameter: Particle size distribution function (PSDF) slope, standard error of PSDF slope, Y-intercept of the PSDF, R^2 of the PDF slope, F statistic of PSDF slope, total cell concentration per milliliter (mL), concentrations (in cells per mL) of small 0-4um diameter cells, 4-12um round cells, 4-12um diameter ovoid cells, dinoflagellates, ciliates, diatoms silicoflagellates, other unidentified cells, followed by percent of total cell concentrations and carbon biomass (using equations of Menden Deuer and Lessard) for the same cell categories. Carbon fixation rates are then presented for: ratio of calcification/photosynthesis, photosynthesis, calcification, standard deviation of photosynthesis and calcification measurements, chlorophyll concentration within incubation bottles, chlorophyll normalized photosynthesis, and calcification. Finally, corrected salinity (based on bottle salinity), corrected SeaBird oxygen values based on lab oxygen titrations, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) concentrations, total alkalinity and concentration of CFC12 and CFC11 freons are presented.本数据集隶属于美国国家科学基金会（National Science Foundation, NSF）资助的合作研究项目《南大洋亚南极模态水的生物地球化学与物理调控过程》。具体而言，本次数据为罗杰·雷维尔号科考船（R/V Roger Revelle）执行航次RR2004期间采集的离散采水器数据：该船于2020年12月26日从夏威夷檀香山启航，前往南大洋执行科考任务，并于2021年2月23日返回檀香山。该项目旨在阐明南大洋亚极锋区形成的亚南极模态水（Sub-Antarctic Mode Water, SAMW）的调控过程。本次航次的观测轨迹沿西经150°经线从南纬30°延伸至南纬60°，同时对约西经145°附近、南纬45°至57°区间的锋面边界与涡旋开展了调查。采水器数据通过CTD采水罗塞塔系统（CTD Rosette）搭载的触发式尼斯金采水器（Niskin bottles）获取；痕量金属清洁采样则采用凯夫拉绳索悬挂的Niskin-X采水器（Niskin-X）与痕量金属清洁采样块完成。 本报告所涉及的数据分为以下四类：A) 与CTD相关的变量；B) 采水器盐度测量数据；C) 氧气滴定与营养盐分析、生物地球化学/生物学变量；D) 溶解无机碳（DIC）/氟利昂化学变量。针对具体数据内容，首先列出CTD相关变量：盐度、温度、位温、密度、溶解氧、声速、压力、深度、电导率、SeaBird探头（SeaBird）测得的氧浓度、叶绿素荧光、光束透射率（660nm；%）、后向散射系数、CTD光合有效辐射（Photosynthetically Active Radiation, PAR）以及表层PAR参考值。其次为采水器样本的盐度、实验室氧气滴定以及营养盐浓度（硝酸盐、磷酸盐、硅酸盐、亚硝酸盐与铵盐）测量结果。本次报告还涵盖以下生物地球化学与生物学变量：颗粒有机碳（POC）浓度、颗粒有机氮（PON）与颗粒无机碳（PIC）浓度、脱离的颗石藻浓度（在偏光光学复合显微镜下观测时以单、双、三或四折射体计数）、总颗石藻浓度（单、双、三、四折射体的总和）、带壳颗石藻细胞（球石囊或颗石聚集体）浓度、脱离颗石藻或带壳细胞的投影面积、生物硅浓度、叶绿素与褐藻素浓度及其总和。另有一组来自流动式细胞成像仪（FlowCAM）的测量变量，主要针对直径大于5微米（μm）的颗粒物：粒径分布函数（Particle Size Distribution Function, PSDF）斜率、PSDF斜率的标准误差、PSDF的Y轴截距、PSDF斜率的R²值、PSDF斜率的F统计量、每毫升（mL）总细胞浓度、直径0-4μm的小型细胞浓度（单位：cells/mL）、4-12μm的圆形细胞浓度、4-12μm的卵圆形细胞浓度、甲藻、纤毛虫、硅藻、硅鞭藻以及其他未鉴定细胞浓度；同时列出上述细胞类别的总细胞占比与碳生物量（采用Menden Deuer与Lessard的计算公式）。随后为碳固定速率相关数据：钙化作用/光合作用比值、光合作用速率、钙化作用速率、光合作用与钙化作用测量值的标准差、培养瓶内的叶绿素浓度、叶绿素归一化光合作用速率以及钙化作用速率。最终列出校正后的盐度（基于采水器盐度数据）、基于实验室氧气滴定结果校正的SeaBird氧浓度值、溶解无机碳（DIC）浓度、总碱度以及CFC12与CFC11氟利昂浓度。