Energy Consumption, Economic Growth, and Trade Openness in SADC Countries

Energy Consumption (ENCO) is the percentage of the population with access to electricity. GDP Per Capita (YCAP) represents the average economic output per person, adjusted for inflation, in constant US dollars. Trade Openness (TROP) represents trade as a percentage of GDP, indicating a country's trade openness. The Population (POP) variable represents a country's population growth, which may impact energy consumption. Urban population growth (URBP) represents the annual increase in the urban population. Education (EDU) as a percentage of government spending is determined by the government's education spending. Gross fixed capital formation (INV) is a proportion of GDP. Exchange Rate (EXR) is the price level of purchasing power parity (PPP) to market exchange rate conversion factor. The World Bank's Worldwide Governance Indicators are utilised to determine Political Stability (POL).