Anthropometric index finger dimensions of cadaveric specimens [20] and OpenSim model (mm).

Symbol (±) indicates standard deviation in interspecimen variation. Lengths of the phalanges in OpenSim model are calculated by the distance between the origins of two coordinate systems in three-dimensional (3D) Cartesian space, e.g., the center of rotation at MCP and the center of rotation at PIP. Parentheses (Δ) in OpenSim bony dimensions express difference between model dimension and specimen dimension. Skin surface set is scaled in three-dimensions to preserve measured anatomical proportions [36–39]. These skin surface (external dimensions) function as upper boundary constraints during optimization.Anthropometric index finger dimensions of cadaveric specimens [20] and OpenSim model (mm).