GLOF database of High Mountain Asia

Glacier lake outburst floods (GLOFs) have been intensely investigated in high mountain Asia (HMA) in recent years and are often the first hazard related to the cryosphere mentioned in the region. As glaciers are receding and surrounding slopes become increasingly unstable such events are expected to increase, although so far, no evidence exists for the same. Many studies have investigated individual events and some regional inventories exist however they either do not cover all types of GLOF, do not cover the entirety of the region and none generally discuss downstream impacts. Previous inventories also do not rely on non-academic sources and are not combined with already existing inventories of glaciers and lakes. In this study we present a first comprehensive inventory of GLOFs in HMA, including the time of their occurrence, processes of lake formation and drainage involved as well as downstream impacts. We find 660 individual GLOFs that occurred between 1833 (with 4 historic events before that date) and 2022, 20% of which occurred from repeated events at just three ephemeral ice dammed lakes. All events resulted in 6907 fatalities, of which 6000 were caused by just one event that included a number of other drivers of the eventual flood. The combination of the database with previous inventories of glaciers and lakes allows future assessments of potential drivers of GLOFs, allowing more robust future projections of their evolution. The presented database and its future updated versions are traceable, version controlled and can be directly incorporated into further analysis.

近年来，高亚洲（High Mountain Asia, HMA）针对冰川湖溃决洪水（Glacier Lake Outburst Floods, GLOFs）的研究持续深入，这类灾害也常被视作该区域最先被提及的冰冻圈相关灾害类型。随着冰川持续退缩、周边斜坡稳定性不断下降，此类事件的发生频次预计将有所攀升，但截至目前尚无相关佐证。已有诸多研究针对单次溃决事件展开探讨，同时也有部分区域级编目成果问世，但这些编目要么未能覆盖所有类型的冰川湖溃决洪水，要么未涵盖高亚洲全域，且普遍未涉及溃决洪水的下游影响。此外，既往编目均未依托非学术数据源，也未与已公开的冰川与湖泊编目进行整合。本研究首次构建了高亚洲全域的冰川湖溃决洪水综合编目，涵盖事件发生时间、涉及的湖泊形成与溃决过程，以及下游影响等核心信息。本研究共梳理出1833年（此前另有4起历史事件）至2022年间发生的660次独立冰川湖溃决洪水事件，其中20%的事件均源自仅3处临时性冰坝湖泊的重复溃决。所有事件累计造成6907人遇难，其中6000人仅因单次事件丧生——该事件还伴随了多种最终触发洪水的其他诱因。将本数据库与既往冰川、湖泊编目相结合，可为未来冰川湖溃决洪水的潜在诱因分析提供支撑，进而助力更具可靠性的灾害演化趋势预测。本研究构建的数据库及其后续更新版本均具备可追溯性与版本管控机制，可直接应用于后续相关分析工作。

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集是高亚洲地区首个全面的冰川湖溃决洪水(GLOF)清单，包含1533-2025年766起事件的详细记录，特别关注了事件发生过程、下游影响及历史伤亡情况。数据集整合了冰川和湖泊数据，旨在支持未来GLOF驱动因素分析和灾害预测。