Data from: Pattern of association between endemic Hawaiian fruit flies (Diptera, Tephritidae) and their symbiotic bacteria: evidence of cospeciation events and proposal of “Candidatus Stammerula trupaneae”

Several insect lineages have evolved mutualistic association with symbiotic bacteria. This is the case of some species of mealybugs, whiteflies, weevils, tsetse flies, cockroaches, termites, carpenter ants aphids and fruit flies. Some species of Tephritinae, the most specialized subfamily of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae), harbour co-evolved vertically transmitted, bacterial symbionts in their midgut, known as “Candidatus Stammerula spp.”. The 25 described endemic species of Hawaiian tephritids, plus at least three undescribed species, are taxonomically distributed among three genera: the cosmopolitan genus Trupanea (21 described spp.), the endemic genus Phaeogramma (2 spp.) and the Nearctic genus Neotephritis (2 spp.). We examined the presence of symbiotic bacteria in the endemic tephritids of the Hawaiian Islands, which represent a spectacular example of adaptive radiation, and tested the concordant evolution between host and symbiont phylogenies. We detected through PCR assays the presence of specific symbiotic bacteria, designated as “Candidatus Stammerula trupaneae”, from 35 individuals of 15 species. The phylogeny of the insect host was reconstructed based on two regions of the mitochondrial DNA (16S rDNA and COI-tRNALeu-COII), while the bacterial 16S rRNA was used for the symbiont analysis. Host and symbiont phylogenies were then compared and evaluated for patterns of cophylogeny and strict cospeciation. Topological congruence between Hawaiian Tephritinae and their symbiotic bacteria phylogenies suggests a limited, but significant degree of host–symbiont cospeciation. We also explored the character reconstruction of three host traits, as island location, host lineage, and host tissue attacked, based on the symbiont phylogenies under the hypothesis of cospeciation.已有多个昆虫演化支系与共生细菌形成了互利共生关系。粉蚧、粉虱、象甲、采采蝇、蟑螂、白蚁、木蚁、蚜虫以及果蝇等类群的部分物种均属于此类。实蝇科（Diptera: Tephritidae）中特化程度最高的亚科——实蝇亚科（Tephritinae）的部分物种，其体内中肠携带有协同演化而来的垂直传播型细菌共生菌，该类群被命名为"候选Stammerula属（Candidatus Stammerula spp.）"。夏威夷实蝇的已描述特有种共计25种，另有至少3个未描述物种，它们在分类学上隶属于3个属：广布属*Trupanea*（21个已描述种）、特有属*Phaeogramma*（2个种）以及新北区属*Neotephritis*（2个种）。本研究针对作为适应辐射典型范例的夏威夷群岛特有实蝇类群，检测其体内共生细菌的存在情况，并探究宿主与共生菌系统发育树的协同演化一致性。研究通过PCR检测技术，在15个物种的35个个体中检测到了被命名为"候选Stammerula trupaneae（Candidatus Stammerula trupaneae）"的特异性共生细菌。本研究基于线粒体DNA的两个区域（16S rDNA以及COI-tRNALeu-COII）重构了昆虫宿主的系统发育树，同时利用细菌16S rRNA基因开展共生菌的系统发育分析。随后对宿主与共生菌的系统发育树进行比对，评估其共系统发育模式与严格共成种情况。夏威夷实蝇亚科与其共生菌的系统发育树拓扑结构一致性表明，宿主与共生菌之间存在程度有限但具有统计学显著性的共成种演化关系。本研究还基于共成种演化假说，以共生菌系统发育树为依据，对宿主的三项特征——岛屿分布、宿主演化支系以及受侵染的宿主组织——进行了特征重构分析。