Data from: Optimizing mouse surgery with online rectal temperature monitoring and preoperative heat supply. Effects on post-ischemic acute kidney injury.

Body temperature affects outcomes of tissue injury. We hypothesized that online body core temperature recording and selective interventions help to standardize peri-interventional temperature control and the reliability of outcomes in experimental renal ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI). We recorded core temperature in up to seven mice in parallel using a Thermes USB recorder and ret-3-iso rectal probes with three different protocols. Setup A: Heating pad during ischemia time; Setup B: Heating pad from incision to wound closure; Setup C: A ventilated heating chamber before surgery and during ischemia time with surgeries performed on a heating pad. Temperature profile recording displayed significant declines upon installing anesthesia. The profile of the baseline experimental setup A revealed that <1 % of the temperature readings were within the target range of 36.5 to 38.5 °C. Setup B and C increased the target range readings to 34.6 ± 28.0 % and 99.3 ± 1.5 %, respectively. Setup C significantly increased S3 tubular necrosis, neutrophil influx, and mRNA expression of kidney injury markers. In addition, using setup C different ischemia times generated a linear correlation with acute tubular necrosis parameters at a low variability, which further correlated with the degree of kidney atrophy 5 weeks after surgery. Changing temperature control setup A to C was equivalent to 10 minutes more ischemia time. We conclude that body temperature drops quickly in mice upon initiating anesthesia. Immediate heat supply, e.g. in a ventilated heating chamber, and online core temperature monitoring can help to standardize and optimize experimental outcomes.体温可影响组织损伤的转归。本研究假设，在实验性肾缺血再灌注损伤（renal ischemia reperfusion injury, IRI）模型中，实时核心体温监测与针对性干预措施，有助于标准化围手术期的体温管控流程，并提升实验结局的可靠性。本研究采用Thermes USB型记录仪（Thermes USB recorder）与ret-3-iso型直肠探针（ret-3-iso rectal probes），并行记录最多7只小鼠的核心体温，共设置三种不同实验方案：方案A：缺血阶段使用加热垫保温；方案B：从切口切开至伤口缝合全程使用加热垫保温；方案C：术前及缺血阶段置于通风式加热舱内，手术操作阶段则使用加热垫。体温曲线记录显示，小鼠在麻醉诱导后核心体温出现显著下降。基线状态下的方案A组体温数据显示，仅有不足1%的体温读数处于36.5~38.5℃的目标区间内。方案B与方案C组处于目标区间的体温读数占比分别提升至34.6±28.0%与99.3±1.5%。方案C组的S3肾小管坏死程度、中性粒细胞浸润水平以及肾损伤标志物的mRNA表达量均显著升高。此外，采用方案C时，不同缺血时长与急性肾小管坏死相关参数呈线性相关，且变异度较低；该相关性进一步与术后5周的肾脏萎缩程度相关。将体温管控方案从方案A切换为方案C，等效于延长缺血时长10分钟。本研究结论表明，小鼠在麻醉诱导后核心体温会快速下降；及时采取保温措施（如置于通风式加热舱内）并开展实时核心体温监测，有助于标准化并优化实验结局。