江西齐云山大型真菌多样性及资源评价

Qiyunshan National Nature Reserve, situated in eastern and southern China's biogeographical regions, exhibits unique geography and diverse vegetation, indicating high potential fungal diversity. To elucidate macrofungal species composition, geographical floristic diversity, and ecological functions of macrofungi in this region, comprehensive field surveys and specimen collections were conducted from 2022 to 2024 using line transect methodology and random sampling. Specimens were identified via integrated morphological characteristics and molecular phylogenetic analysis. A total of 302 macrofungal species was recorded and classified into 8 classes, 22 orders, 68 families, and 145 genera within the phyla Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. Species richness analysis revealed that seven families (e.g., Boletaceae, Polyporaceae, and Russulaceae) were dominant, accounting for 43.71% of total identified species, and 13 dominant genera (e.g., Russula, Entoloma, and Inocybe) comprised 33.77% of the total species. Ecological and economic functional assessment showed 59 species were putatively edible (19.54%), 39 putatively medicinal (12.91%), 45 poisonous (14.90%), and 98 mycorrhizal (32.45%). Genus-level geographical funga composition analysis revealed nine distribution patterns, of which cosmopolitan elements predominated (53.10%), followed by north temperate (17.24%) and pantropical (13.79%) elements, corroborating the regionally transitional character of mycobiota. Based on the “Redlist of China's Biodiversity—Macrofungi” and relevant IUCN criteria, one vulnerable (VU) and one near threatened (NT) species were recognised. Besides, 11 species were endemic to China, highlighting the significant conservation values of the region. This study provides critical data for targeted conservation and sustainable utilization of the fungal resources of the region.