FROM KRISHNA TO MARXISM: THE EVOLUTION OF BENGALI LITERATURE AND SAMARESH BOSE'S CONTRIBUTION TO REPRESENTING MARGINALIZED LIVES

Abstract :
The evolution of Bengali literature is marked by the contributions of several key writers who have shaped its trajectory. Rabindranath Ponce's poem 'Eiktan' reflects a longing for a literary companion akin to Krishna. The 'Trio' of Tarashankar, Manik, and Vibhutibhushan brought fiction closer to the common people, addressing rural and urban Bengal, and real-life struggles. The introduction of Marxism to Manik Banerjee's work marked a shift in Bengali literature towards a mass consciousness in storytelling. However, this shift sometimes compromised artistic values. Tarashankar's rural background initially sustained his talent, but his urban focus later diluted it. Samaresh Bose filled this gap by vividly portraying the struggles of marginalized people through his writings, integrating Marxism and spiritual consciousness with personal experiences. His work significantly contributed to Bengali literature by capturing the lived experiences and social dynamics of his time.
Keywords: Bengali literature, Rabindranath Ponce, Tarashankar, Manik Banerjee, Vibhutibhushan, Samaresh Bose, Marxism, rural and urban Bengal, common people's struggles, historical consciousness, regionalism, spiritual consciousness.
Introduction :
Bengali literature has a rich history, characterized by its deep connection with the lives and struggles of common people. Rabindranath Ponce's poem 'Eiktan' exemplifies a yearning for a literary parallel to Krishna's companionship. The renowned 'Trio' of Tarashankar, Manik, and Vibhutibhushan made significant strides in this domain by highlighting different aspects of Bengali life—rural and urban realities, and the everyday challenges faced by the common man. This paper explores the impact of their contributions, particularly focusing on the influence of Marxism on Manik Banerjee’s work and the subsequent transformation in Bengali literature. It also examines Samaresh Bose's role in addressing the artistic void left by this transformation, through his unique portrayal of life's struggles and integration of Marxist and spiritual perspectives.