In vivo modulation of tumor suppressor microRNA transcripts in tumors exposed to vaccine, RFA alone, or RFA combined with vaccine.

CEA-Tg mice (n = 3) received MC38-CEA+ cells on day 0. Tumors were exposed to RFA sham or intermediate-dose RFA (30 s; 60–70°C) on day 13. Vaccinated animals received rMVA-CEA/TRICOM on day 4, and rF-CEA/TRICOM on day 11, alone, or in combination with RFA. On day 16, tumors were harvested and microRNA array analysis was performed. Transcripts were considered differentially expressed (>1) if their levels of expression differed at least 5-fold in either treatment modality as compared with matched RFA sham control tumors. Accession numbers of microRNA transcripts refer to mirBase v14.0.