Dysregulation of the eutopic endometrial transcriptome in nonhuman primates in presence of high fat diet and/or hyperandrogenemia

A cohort of rhesus macaque females chronically exposed to mildly elevated testosterone (T), and/or consume a western-style diet (WSD) from menarche through adulthood mimics traits associated with polycystic ovary syndrome (Hum. Reprod. 33(1):128-139; 2018). We reported exposure to T increased time to pregnancy, while WSD reduced pregnancy rate in this cohort (Hum. Reprod. 33 (4):694-705; 2018). The objective of this study was to analyze the mid-secretory phase endometrial transcriptome to determine changes in gene expression contributing to subfertility.We reported increased susceptibility to endometriosis in rhesus monkeys with mild hyperandrogenemia (T) in the presence/absence of a western-style diet (WSD; Fert. Steril. 112 (3) e43-e44; 2019). Macaques receiving both insults (T+WSD) had increased prevalence and severity. Studies in women found altered gene expression of eutopic endometrium might contribute to risk of endometriosis. While there is a reported correlation between androgen exposure and endometriosis, the contribution of obesity is unclear. The objective of this study was to evaluate the eutopic endometrial transcriptome in our rhesus cohort to determine alterations associated with endometriosis.