Soluble plantain NSP inhibits adhesion of <i>S</i>. Typhimurium to the porcine B1OXI enterocyte cell-line <i>in vitro</i>.

Pre-treatment (30 min) with soluble plantain NSP, dose-dependently blocked adhesion of (A) S. Typhimurium LT2 and (B) S. Typhimurium 4/74 to B1OXI cells (N = 3 experiments, each with n = 4 replicates); * P<0.05, ** P<0.01, *** P<0.001, Kruskal-Wallis. Invasion of (C) S. Typhimurium LT2 and (D) S. Typhimurium 4/74 into B1OXI cells was also blocked by plantain NSP. Data (mean ± SEM) expressed relative to adherence (or invasion) of vehicle-treated control (100%). Light microscopy of Giemsa-stained B1OXI cells and S. Typhimurium 4/74 in absence (E) or presence (F) of 10 mg/mL soluble plantain NSP. Arrows indicate bacteria.