Feasibility of hybrid in-stream generator–photovoltaic systems for Amazonian off-grid communities

While there have been efforts to supply off-grid energy in the Amazon, these attempts have focused on low upfront costs and deployment rates. These “get-energy-quick” methods have almost solely adopted diesel generators, ignoring the environmental and social risks associated with the known noise and pollution of combustion engines. Alternatively, it is recommended, herein, to supply off-grid needs with renewable, distributed microgrids comprised of photovoltaics (PV) and in-stream generators (ISG). Utilization of a hybrid combination of renewable generators can provide an energetically, environmentally, and financially feasible alternative to typical electrification methods, depending on available solar irradiation and riverine characteristics, that with community engagement allows for a participatory codesign process that takes into consideration people’s needs. A convergent solution development framework that includes designers—a team of social scientists, engineers, and communication...尽管针对亚马逊地区的离网能源供应已开展诸多尝试，但此类方案均将重点置于低初始成本与快速部署速率之上。此类‘快速获能’方案几乎清一色采用柴油发电机，却忽略了内燃机众所周知的噪声与污染所带来的环境与社会风险。对此，本文提出替代方案：采用由光伏（photovoltaics, PV）与河道内发电机（in-stream generators, ISG）组成的可再生分布式微电网，以满足离网能源需求。结合可再生发电机的混合供电组合，可根据当地可用太阳辐照度与河道水文特征，为传统电气化手段提供在能源、环境与经济层面均可行的替代方案；同时，通过社区参与，可构建兼顾民众需求的协同参与式设计流程。本文提出的协同解决方案开发框架涵盖设计师团队——包括社会科学家、工程师与传播……