Table_1_Signaling Toward Reactive Oxygen Species-Scavenging Enzymes in Plants.xlsx

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are signaling molecules essential for plant responses to abiotic and biotic stimuli as well as for multiple developmental processes. They are produced as byproducts of aerobic metabolism and are affected by adverse environmental conditions. The ROS content is controlled on the side of their production but also by scavenging machinery. Antioxidant enzymes represent a major ROS-scavenging force and are crucial for stress tolerance in plants. Enzymatic antioxidant defense occurs as a series of redox reactions for ROS elimination. Therefore, the deregulation of the antioxidant machinery may lead to the overaccumulation of ROS in plants, with negative consequences both in terms of plant development and resistance to environmental challenges. The transcriptional activation of antioxidant enzymes accompanies the long-term exposure of plants to unfavorable environmental conditions. Fast ROS production requires the immediate mobilization of the antioxidant defense system, which may occur via retrograde signaling, redox-based modifications, and the phosphorylation of ROS detoxifying enzymes. This review aimed to summarize the current knowledge on signaling processes regulating the enzymatic antioxidant capacity of plants.

活性氧种（ROS）作为信号分子，对于植物对非生物及生物刺激的反应以及多种发育过程的调节至关重要。它们作为有氧代谢的副产物产生，并受到不利环境条件的影响。ROS的含量不仅在产生方面受到调控，亦受清除机制的调节。抗氧化酶作为主要的ROS清除力量，对植物的逆境耐受性至关重要。酶促抗氧化防御通过一系列氧化还原反应来消除ROS。因此，抗氧化机制的失调可能导致植物中ROS的过度积累，这不仅对植物发育产生负面影响，亦损害其对环境挑战的抵抗力。伴随植物长期暴露于不利的生态环境中，抗氧化酶的转录激活发生。快速ROS的产生要求立即动员抗氧化防御系统，这可能通过逆向信号传导、基于氧化还原的修饰以及ROS解毒酶的磷酸化等方式实现。本综述旨在总结目前关于调控植物酶促抗氧化能力信号过程的知识。