Current Trends, Innovations, and Challenges in AI-Powered Language Teaching: A Systematic Literature Review

In this study, we successfully identified 808 articles from various databases: 623 from Scopus, 73 from Web of Science, and 112 from ProQuest, with no entries from the register. Before screening, 364 duplicate records were removed, along with 46 records deemed ineligible by the automation tool, leaving 398 records to proceed to the screening stage. During the screening stage, 260 records were excluded because they did not meet the inclusion criteria, leaving 138 reports for retrieval. Of these, 50 reports were not retrieved, reducing the number of reports assessed for eligibility to 88. Of the 88 reports assessed, 50 articles were excluded because the article title and abstract were irrelevant. In comparison, 260 reports were excluded because the substance of the article did not match the study criteria. This comprehensive review resulted in 88 new studies that were included in the final analysis. The selected articles were then reviewed by 2 independent reviewers and the results were used to calculate the kappa value.