Additional file 3 of A second view on the evolution of flight in stick and leaf insects (Phasmatodea)

Additional file 3: Table S1. Phylogenetic signal. Results of phylogenetic signal estimations using D statistics and Pagel's lambda, and the comparison of the observed number of evolutionary transitions for each trait against a randomised character matrix. Wings = presence of wings (macropterous or micropterous), Flight = potential capability of flight (macropterous taxa), Ocelli = presence of ocelli. Table S2. Model testing. Results of testing the fit of different character evolution models to the binary wing dataset (datawings). ER, equal rates; ARD, all-rates-different; IRR, irreversible model disallowing the regain of wings. Table S3. Probabilites [%] for the three wing states for the major nodes. Comparison of the results for the B1, B2 and B3 constrained phylogenies. Note that Oriophasmata were not recovered as monophyletic in the B3 phylogeny and thus both Oriophasmata and Occidophasmata were excluded here. Table S4. Average number of transitions between states resulting from 300 iterations of stochastic character mapping. Based on phylogeny with B2 constraints and both 3-states and binary wing and ocelli datasets using the ARD and the IRR model. The asterisk indicates that depicted ranges show the confidence interval of 95% highest posterior density. apt, apterous; micro, micropterous; macro, macropterous. Table S5. Correlation test. Results of fitting Pagel's model to test for correlation between the evolution of wings and ocelli. Correlation was tested on the binary datasets of males and females with different settings for the root state. Variable x represents the wing state and y the ocelli state. For males, the correlation of ocelli was further tested for the three wing states. Significance in bold. AIC, Akaike Information criterion, AICw, Akaike weights. Table S6. Diversification analysis. Results of fitting 24 models of diversification including HiSSE, BiSSE and character-independent (CID) models. Analysis was based on the B2 constraint phylogeny and the binary wing dataset with outgroup taxa (Embioptera) removed. Best-fit model is depicted in bold. AIC, Akaike information criterion. Table S7. Information on taxon and gene sampling. GenBank accession numbers are provided for each specimen used in this study. For taxa retrieved from GenBank, an ID with consecutive numbering is used (GBXXX). In alphabetical order. Table S8. Best partitioning scheme (subsets) and best-fit substitution models determined with ModelFinder in IQ-TREE. Table S9. Fossil calibrations used for the divergence time estimation in BEAST2. The numbering (1–5) corresponds to the depiction of calibrated nodes in Figs. S2–S5. Table S10. Morphological data. Character matrix for females and males for ocelli and the 3-state and binary datasets for wings. Ocelli are coded as either absent or present and wings are coded in three states; apterous (0), micropterous (1) and macropterous (2). Missing data are shown as question mark. The binary datasets represent male wing states only and code presence of wings (datawings: wingless (0) vs. winged (1)) and flight capability (dataflight: flightless (0) vs. flighted (1)). Missing data for binary datasets are coded as absent (0). For taxa retrieved from GenBank, an ID with consecutive numbering is used (GBXXX).