Data from: Genome-wide genotyping uncovers genetic profiles and history of the Russian cattle breeds

One of the most economically important areas within the Russian agricultural sector is dairy and beef cattle farming contributing about $11 billion to the Russian economy annually. Trade connections, selection and breeding have resulted in the establishment of a number of breeds that are presumably adapted to local climatic conditions. Little however is known about the ancestry and history of Russian native cattle. To address this question, we genotyped 274 individuals from 18 breeds bred in Russia and compared them to 135 additional breeds from around the world that had been genotyped previously. Our results suggest a shared ancestry between most of the Russian cattle and European taurine breeds, apart from a few breeds that shared ancestry with the Asian taurines. The Yakut cattle, belonging to the latter group, was found to be the most diverged breed in the whole combined dataset according to structure results. Haplotype sharing further suggests that the Russian cattle can be divided into four major clusters reflecting ancestral relations with other breeds. Herein, we therefore shed light on to the history of Russian cattle and identified closely related breeds to those from Russia. Our results will facilitate future research on detecting signatures of selection in cattle genomes and eventually inform future genetics-assisted livestock breeding programs in Russia and in other countries.俄罗斯农业领域中经济价值最为突出的板块之一为奶牛与肉牛养殖业，其每年可为俄罗斯经济带来约110亿美元的产值。借助贸易往来、人工选育与繁育工作，现已培育出诸多推测可适配本土气候条件的牛品种。然而目前学界对俄罗斯本土牛的血统起源与演化历程却知之甚少。为解答这一科学问题，我们对来自俄罗斯本土18个培育品种的274份牛个体样本进行了基因分型（genotyping），并将其与此前已完成基因分型的全球135个牛品种进行了对比分析。研究结果显示，绝大多数俄罗斯本土牛与欧洲普通牛（European taurine）拥有共同的血统起源，仅少数品种与亚洲普通牛（Asian taurine）存在血统关联。基于群体结构分析结果，隶属于该类群的雅库特牛是整组合并数据集中分化程度最高的牛品种。单倍型（haplotype）共享分析进一步表明，俄罗斯本土牛可划分为四大类群，该分类结果清晰反映了其与其他牛品种间的血统演化关系。综上，本研究阐明了俄罗斯本土牛的演化历程，并鉴定出与俄罗斯本土牛亲缘关系紧密的牛品种。本研究结果将为后续开展牛基因组选择信号（selection signature）检测相关研究提供重要助力，并最终可为俄罗斯及全球其他国家的遗传辅助畜禽繁育计划提供科学参考依据。