DeMiSo (WP1) Migrant deservingness among the general public

Data were gathered via an online questionnaire from a sample of adults in Belgium. The survey was conducted over a four-week period spanning April and May 2024, culminating in responses from 3,000 participants. Bilendi, a survey firm with a strong presence in Belgium, facilitated data collection, enabling a substantial dataset while managing costs effectively. The sampling process involved drawing from Bilendi's opt-in panel, which comprises 150,000 members, ensuring representativeness across age, gender, education, and region. A cooperation rate of 20% was achieved. Participants were invited via email to participate in a study without disclosing its specific subject. The survey was administered using the survey agency’s proprietary tool, with translations provided in the official languages of the respective Belgian regions (Dutch in Flanders, French in Wallonia, and either Dutch or French in the Brussels Capital Region). In this study, I employed a conjoint experimental design to assess migrant settlement deservingness views. Conjoint experiments are recognized for their ability to determine the causal effect of different components of a treatment (Hainmueller et al., 2014; 2015), with this design notably reducing the required number of participants while maintaining statistical power (Lukac & Stefanelli, 2020). First, respondents were presented with a brief introduction to outline the pairs of fictional asylum seekers they were asked to evaluate: “We would now like to show you the profiles of potential asylum seekers in Europe. You will see two asylum seekers, along with various characteristics about them. We would like to know your opinion on whether you would support sending each applicant back to their country of origin or allowing them to stay in Belgium. In total, we will show you four pairs of comparisons. Please take your time to read the descriptions of each applicant. People have different opinions on this subject, and there are no right or wrong answers.” I manipulated 10 attributes of fictitious asylum seekers. Eight of which were – following a pilot test – operationalized as dimensions of the CARIN criteria, the remaining two were asylum seekers’ age and gender. To capture the control aspect, I included an attribute that highlights the "reason for migration." Migrants' attitudes were assessed through two attributes: "language proficiency" and "local engagement." To reflect the potential for reciprocity, I incorporated an attribute indicating the migrants' current level of “(labor market) activity”. Identity was assessed through attributes for "religious denomination" and "country of origin." Lastly, need was operationalized by considering the "family situation" and potential “vulnerabilities”, such as PTSD or a physical disability. For more information on the data, please contact David De Coninck ([e-mail]).本数据集通过线上问卷从比利时成年人群体中采集。本次调研为期四周，覆盖2024年4月至5月，最终获得3000名参与者的有效回复。在比利时拥有广泛业务布局的调研公司Bilendi负责数据采集工作，在有效控制成本的前提下，完成了大规模数据集的搭建。抽样框架采用Bilendi的自愿注册参与面板（共15万名注册成员），确保样本在年龄、性别、教育程度与地域分布上具备代表性。本次调研的合作率达20%。参与者通过邮件受邀参与研究，但未提前告知研究的具体主题。调研使用调研机构的专属调研工具开展，并根据比利时各官方语言区提供对应语种的问卷翻译：弗拉芒地区使用荷兰语，瓦隆地区使用法语，布鲁塞尔首都大区则提供荷兰语或法语选项。 本研究采用联合实验设计（conjoint experimental design）以评估移民定居应得性的相关观点。联合实验因可精准识别干预措施不同维度的因果效应而广受认可（Hainmueller等人，2014；2015），该设计可在保证统计效力的前提下大幅缩减所需样本量（Lukac & Stefanelli，2020）。首先，研究者向受访者展示简短介绍，说明将呈现供其评估的虚构难民配对： "我们将向您展示欧洲潜在难民的个人档案。您将看到两名难民及其各项特征信息。我们希望了解您是否支持将每位申请者遣返回其原籍国，或是允许其留在比利时。本次调研共展示四组对比配对，请您仔细阅读每位申请者的描述。针对该议题，不同人群持有不同观点，不存在绝对正确或错误的答案。" 本研究对虚构难民的10项特征进行了操控。经预测试后，其中8项以CARIN标准（CARIN criteria）的维度进行操作化定义，剩余2项分别为难民的年龄与性别。为控制迁移动因维度，研究纳入了标注为“迁移原因”的特征项。移民的融入态度通过“语言能力”与“本地参与度”两项特征进行评估。为体现互惠性的潜在影响，研究加入了体现移民当前“（劳动力市场）就业状态”的特征项。身份特征通过“宗教教派”与“原籍国”两项进行衡量。最后，需求维度则通过“家庭状况”与潜在的“脆弱性”（如创伤后应激障碍或肢体残疾）进行操作化定义。 如需了解更多数据集相关信息，请联系David De Coninck（邮箱：[e-mail]）。