A 24 h urine collection with paired blood sample enabled analysis of renal function in offspring. Osmolarity and electrolytes were measured by an osmometer (Osmomat 030, Gonotec) and ICP-MS (XSeries I
Epigenome-wide profiling of placental DNAm in samples obtained from 72 smokers enrolled in the VCSIP RCT: NCT03203603 (35 supplemented with placebo, 37 supplemented with vitamin C) and 24 never-smoker