Combining the resurrection approach with transplant experiments to investigate adaptation of plant populations to environmental change

Recent climatic changes, such as more frequent droughts and heatwaves, can lead to rapid evolutionary adaptations in plant populations. Such rapid evolution can be investigated using the resurrection approach by comparing plants raised from stored ancestral and contemporary seeds from the same population. This approach has so far only been used in common garden experiments, allowing it to reveal genetic differentiation but not adaptation. In this study, we performed a novel approach by testing for evolutionary adaptation in natural plant populations using a resurrection study in combination with in situ transplantations. We cultivated seedlings from ancestors (23–26 years old) and contemporary descendants of three perennial species (Melica ciliata, Leontodon hispidus and Clinopodium vulgare) from calcareous grasslands in the greenhouse and transplanted them back to their collection sites. In addition, we sowed seeds of ancestors and descendants of two species (L. hispidus and C. vulgare..., , , # Data for \"Combining the resurrection approach with transplant experiments to investigate adaptation of plant populations to environmental change\" This is the raw data of a transplant experiment performed within the framework of the resurrection approach. We cultivated seedlings from ancestors (23–26 years old) and contemporary descendants of three perennial species (*Melica ciliata, Leontodon hispidus* and *Clinopodium vulgare*) from calcareous grasslands in the greenhouse and transplanted them back to their collection sites. In addition, we sowed seeds of ancestors and descendants of two species (L. hispidus and C. vulgare) to the collection sites in order to investigate germination rates. The plots at the transplantation site were divided into 12 blocks for *C. vulgare* and *L. hispidus* and into 10 blocks for *M. ciliata* . The blocks were 1 m × 1.5 m wide and contained 24 individual plants in 4 columns and 6 rows separated by 25 cm. Plants were distributed among the blocks equ...近年来的气候变化（如愈发频发的干旱与热浪）可引发植物种群的快速进化适应。此类快速进化可通过复活实验法（resurrection approach）开展研究：对比同一种群中存储的祖先种子与当代种子培育出的植株。 目前该方法仅应用于同质园实验（common garden experiments），仅能揭示遗传分化，却无法直接证明适应性进化。 本研究创新性地将复活实验与原位移植（in situ transplantations）相结合，用以检测自然植物种群的进化适应性。 我们于温室中培育了采自石灰质草原的3种多年生植物——细茎茅香（*Melica ciliata*）、粗毛还阳参（*Leontodon hispidus*）和普通风轮菜（*Clinopodium vulgare*）——的23~26年树龄祖先种子与当代后代种子的实生苗，并将其移栽回原采集地。 # 数据集标题：《结合复活实验与移植实验探究植物种群对环境变化的适应性》 本数据集为复活实验框架下开展的移植实验原始数据。 我们于温室中培育了采自石灰质草原的3种多年生植物——细茎茅香（*Melica ciliata*）、粗毛还阳参（*Leontodon hispidus*）和普通风轮菜（*Clinopodium vulgare*）——的23~26年树龄祖先种子与当代后代种子的实生苗，并将其移栽回原采集位点。 此外，我们还将两种植物（*L. hispidus*与*C. vulgare*）的祖先与后代种子播种至原采集位点，以检测其萌发率。 移植实验样地的分区设置为：*C. vulgare*与*L. hispidus*各设12个区组，*M. ciliata*设10个区组。 每个区组规格为1米×1.5米，内含24株植株，以4列6行排布，株间距为25厘米。 植株在各区组间均衡分配……