Phenology in winter-deciduous relict mediterranean forests as a tool to understand their adaptation to climatic seasonal cycles

This dataset contains observations and results of the phenological
behaviour of deciduous forests in Mediterranean climates and in southern
latitudes such as Sierra Nevada National Park (Granada-Spain) during the
period of March 2019- February 2020. It provides data and results of
annual sequencing of phenophases (phenocalendars), phenophase indexes, and
determines the phenological functional groups (FG) of the eighteen
selected species of this plant ecosystem. In addition, phenological
patterns have been determined taking into account the winter functional
reduction of most species, in contrast to the typically Mediterranean
species better adapted to the prevailing macroclimate of the area and
functionally active during most of their annual cycle. Data from these
observations allowed the identification of four functional groups: FG1
-early and prolonged foliation and fruiting; FG2 -very short foliation and
fruiting; FG3 -very prolonged foliation and fruiting; and FG4 -prolonged
fruiting. Data on climatic variables and results of bioclimatic indexes
corresponding to the study area are also provided for analysis in terms of
possible incidence at the phenological level.