Morbi-mortalidad Materna en la Guajira (2017-2021)

Introduction: Maternal mortality is a critical public health issue in La Guajira, Colombia, exacerbated by socioeconomic factors and high migration rates. Despite national efforts, mortality rates in this department remain alarmingly high. Objective: To assess the risk factors associated with maternal mortality in La Guajira from 2017-2021, focusing on the impact of migration and access to healthcare services. Materials and Methods: A descriptive, correlational, and retrospective study was conducted in La Guajira (2017-2021), using extreme maternal morbidity and mortality data reported to SIVIGILA. All reported cases were included, excluding incomplete records. Data were analyzed using the Jamovi software, following ethical considerations. Results: The postpartum period showed the highest maternal mortality rate. Migrant pregnant women had twice the risk of mortality compared to non-migrant women. No significant correlation was found; rather, it should not be interpreted that time to receive care is independent of age, socioeconomic status, and area of residence. Results underscore the importance of improving postpartum monitoring and the need for early identification strategies for migrant pregnant women. The lack of knowledge about warning signs among the studied population highlights the need for educational programs. Conclusions: Maternal mortality in La Guajira is unacceptably high. Specific interventions are required, including improvements in health education and access to healthcare services, especially for migrant pregnant women.研究背景：产妇死亡率是哥伦比亚瓜希拉省（La Guajira）面临的重大公共卫生问题，社会经济因素与高移民流动率进一步加剧了这一困境。尽管国家层面已出台相关防控举措，该省的产妇死亡率仍居高不下，形势令人警醒。 研究目的：评估2017-2021年哥伦比亚瓜希拉省与产妇死亡率相关的风险因素，重点探究移民因素与医疗服务可及性的影响。 材料与方法：本研究为描述性、相关性回顾性研究，研究时段覆盖2017至2021年，数据源自上报至SIVIGILA的极重度孕产妇发病与死亡病例信息。本研究纳入所有上报病例，排除记录不完整的个案。数据分析采用杰莫维（Jamovi）软件完成，研究全过程严格遵循伦理规范。 研究结果：产后时段的产妇死亡率位居所有时段首位。移民孕产妇的死亡风险是非移民孕产妇的两倍。本研究未检出显著相关性，但不可据此认为就医等候时间与年龄、社会经济地位及居住地区相互独立。研究结果凸显了强化产后监测的重要性，以及针对移民孕产妇制定早期识别策略的必要性。受试人群对孕产妇警示征兆认知不足的现状，也凸显了开展针对性健康教育项目的迫切性。 研究结论：哥伦比亚瓜希拉省的产妇死亡率高得令人无法接受。亟需采取针对性干预措施，包括完善健康教育体系与提升医疗服务可及性，尤其需重点关注移民孕产妇群体。