MUARC Baseline Research Program to Assess the Impact of Drug Use on Road Safety: Report 3 – Understanding the patterns and motivations for drug-driving behaviour and community attitudes towards addressing drug-driving in Victoria, Australia.

With drug-driving representing a significant road safety concern, this report set out to document the use of alcohol and other drugs in the Victorian community and to provide an understanding of the correlates of drug-driving behavior. Of interest were community attitudes, motivations, and knowledge of both drug use and perceived risks associated with drug-driving. With a view toward improving road safety, community support for drug-driving countermeasures and their perceived effectiveness were examined. In line with the current roadside drug testing regime in Victoria, emphasis was placed on outcomes that related to driving whilst under the influence of cannabis (THC), ecstasy (MDMA) and amphetamines, particularly Ice.The research was conducted in two parts: 1) 10 interviews with hospital and community-based drug and alcohol treatment specialists in the period September - October 2017; 2) A population-based survey of the Victorian community was undertaken. Survey data was collected in the January 2018 – March 2018 period and 1852 individuals completed the survey.Interviews with drug and alcohol specialists highlighted the complexity of drug use and its relationship to driving. A distinction was made between recreational users, high-functioning regular users and dependent users of illicit substances. Treatment needs were seen to differ based on the drug used. The detection of drug-driving was seen be an opportunity for intervention, noting that a therapeutic-justice model would likely to be the most effective for dependent drug-users rather than a purely sanctions-based approach.Most (88.8%) survey respondents reported lifetime alcohol use with 43.3% having used an illicit drug(s) or misused prescription medication; 10.7% reported never having tried alcohol or other drugs. Of those who reported having ever tried a drug other than alcohol (801, 43.3% of sample), 23.0% indicated having driven whilst suspecting that they were under the influence, with 40.8% of respondents reporting they had done so within the last 12 months. Support for sanction- and therapeutic-based countermeasures for drug-driving differed depending on individual history of use and type of drug used but was nonetheless high.These findings can be used to inform future initiatives aimed at reducing the incidence of drug-driving in Victoria.

鉴于毒品驾驶已成为道路交通安全的重大隐患，本报告旨在记录维多利亚州社区内酒精及其他药物的使用情况，并解析毒品驾驶行为的关联影响因素。本研究同时关注社区居民对药物使用及毒品驾驶相关感知风险的态度、动机与认知；为提升道路交通安全水平，本研究还调研了社区对毒品驾驶防控措施的支持度及其感知有效性。结合维多利亚州当前的路边药物检测制度，本研究重点围绕吸食大麻（四氢大麻酚，THC）、摇头丸（亚甲二氧基甲基苯丙胺，MDMA）及苯丙胺类药物（尤以冰毒（Ice）为代表）后处于药物影响状态下驾驶的相关议题展开。

本研究分为两个阶段开展：1）2017年9月至10月期间，对医院及社区药物与酒精成瘾治疗专科医师开展10次访谈；2）针对维多利亚州社区人群开展人群抽样调查。调查数据采集于2018年1月至3月，共1852名受访者完成问卷调研。

药物与酒精成瘾治疗专科医师的访谈结果显示，药物使用及其与驾驶行为的关联机制极为复杂。研究人员将违禁药物使用者划分为三类：消遣性使用者、社会功能完好的规律使用者及药物依赖使用者。不同药物类型对应的戒断治疗需求存在显著差异。此外，毒品驾驶执法检测被视为开展干预的重要契机，研究指出，相较于单纯的处罚型措施，治疗性司法模式对药物依赖使用者而言可能更为有效。

调查结果显示，88.8%的受访者报告曾有过饮酒行为，43.3%的受访者曾使用违禁药物或滥用处方药；另有10.7%的受访者表示从未尝试过酒精或其他药物。在曾尝试过酒精以外药物的受访者（共801人，占总样本的43.3%）中，23.0%的人表示曾在怀疑自身处于药物影响状态下驾驶机动车，其中40.8%的受访者称在过去12个月内曾有此类行为。

受访者对毒品驾驶的处罚型与治疗型防控措施的支持度，因个人药物使用史及所用药物类型而异，但整体支持度仍处于较高水平。

本研究结果可为未来旨在降低维多利亚州毒品驾驶发生率的相关举措提供决策参考。