上海市林业重大病虫害监测预警和无公害综合防治技术研究

该项目包括了上海市科委、上海市农委和上海市林业局立项的4个研究课题，主要研究内容有上海市林业病虫害种类调查和数据库建立 重要林业病虫生物学特性和发生规律、监测预报和无公害综合防治技术 重大检疫性有害生物快速检测和监测预警体系建立等。在上述诸多方面取得重要创新成果，概述如下。 1、首次系统完成上海林业有害生物名录，现已完成鉴定林业有害生物1500种 首次完成上海林业病虫数据库，收录672种图文资料 建立城市森林病虫害信息管理系统，为今后有害生物网络化管理奠定基础。 2、在项目研究成果的指导下建立完善的上海林业病虫监测预警网络体系，对50种重大病虫进行实时监测，为掌握病虫种类和数量变化及时发布病虫预报奠定基础。 3、首次系统研究了20种上海林业主要病虫的生物学特性和发生规律。其中：栀子花多羽蛾生物学特性研究填补了国内外空白 在国内首次研究了柳沟胸跳甲对杨树的为害状况及其发生规律。在国内首次建立了杨小舟蛾、杨叶锈病和杨树黑斑病多因子短期测报模型，经检验，模型具较高准确性。 4、对多种上海林业重要有害生物开展无公害综合防治技术研究，形成主要病虫预测预报方法和不同类群的无公害综合配套防治技术 控制了双条杉天牛和桃潜叶蛾等重大害虫在上海地区的成灾危害，研究开发了松墨天牛补充营养阶段引诱剂，并在上海、江苏和安徽等地推广应用，林间诱捕效果良好。 5、创造性的将世界上最先进的诊断技术-实时荧光PCR技术应用于危险性检疫性病害的诊断，发明松材线虫TaqMan-MGB实时荧光检测技术（专利号：ZL 2005 1 0026710.2），将检测时间从7-8小时缩短到1小时，为检疫机构快速准确检测提供了先进的技术。 6、项目实施期间在核心期刊发表论文27篇，出版《上海林业病虫》专著1本。

This project encompasses 4 research projects funded by the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission, Shanghai Municipal Agricultural and Rural Affairs Commission, and Shanghai Municipal Forestry Bureau. Its main research contents include: the investigation of forestry pest and disease species in Shanghai and the establishment of a corresponding database; the biological characteristics and occurrence patterns of major forestry pests and diseases, monitoring and forecasting technologies, and pollution-free comprehensive control technologies; the establishment of rapid detection and monitoring early warning systems for major quarantine pests, etc. Important innovative achievements have been made in the above aspects, which are summarized as follows.
1. For the first time, the catalog of forestry pests and harmful organisms in Shanghai was systematically completed. Up to now, 1,500 species of forestry pests and harmful organisms have been identified. The first forestry pest and disease database of Shanghai was established, containing graphic and textual information of 672 species. An urban forest pest and disease information management system was built, laying a foundation for the future network-based management of forestry pests and harmful organisms.
2. Guided by the research results of this project, a complete monitoring and early warning network system for Shanghai's forestry pests and diseases was established, with real-time monitoring conducted on 50 major pests and diseases, laying a foundation for timely release of pest and disease forecasts based on the changes in species and quantity of pests and diseases.
3. For the first time, a systematic study was conducted on the biological characteristics and occurrence patterns of 20 major forestry pests and diseases in Shanghai. Specifically: the study on the biological characteristics of the Gardenia plume moth has filled a domestic and international gap; for the first time in China, the damage status of the willow groove-thorax flea beetle to poplar trees and its occurrence patterns were investigated; and for the first time in China, multi-factor short-term forecasting models were established for the poplar prominent moth, poplar leaf rust, and poplar black spot disease, which have been verified to exhibit high accuracy.
4. Research on pollution-free comprehensive control technologies was carried out for multiple major forestry pests and harmful organisms in Shanghai. Prediction and forecasting methods for major pests and diseases, as well as comprehensive supporting pollution-free control technologies for different pest groups, were developed. The outbreak hazards of major pests such as the two-banded cedar longhorn beetle and the peach leafminer in Shanghai were controlled. An attractant for the supplementary nutrition stage of the Japanese pine sawyer was developed and promoted and applied in Shanghai, Jiangsu, Anhui and other regions, achieving good trapping effects in forest plots.
5. The world's most advanced diagnostic technology—real-time fluorescent PCR technology—was creatively applied to the diagnosis of dangerous quarantine pests and diseases. A TaqMan-MGB real-time fluorescent detection technology for pine wood nematode was invented (Patent No.: ZL 2005 1 0026710.2), reducing the detection time from 7-8 hours to 1 hour, providing advanced technology for rapid and accurate detection by quarantine institutions.
6. During the implementation of the project, 27 papers were published in core academic journals, and 1 monograph entitled *Forestry Pests and Diseases in Shanghai* was published.

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集基于上海市科委、农委和林业局的课题研究，系统调查了林业病虫害种类并建立了数据库，涵盖了监测预警网络、无公害综合防治技术及快速检测方法等创新成果。研究还包括了主要病虫的生物学特性分析和论文发表，旨在提升上海市林业病虫害的管理与防治水平。