Supplementary Material for: Metabolic Syndrome in Offspring of Parents with Metabolic Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis

<b><i>Background:</i></b> The metabolic syndrome (MetS) represents a clustering of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases that includes abdominal obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance. <b><i>Objectives:</i></b> The objective of this study was to reassess the parent-offspring association of MetS since the available findings are still controversial. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched to identify relevant articles. All studies comparing MetS status between the offspring of parents with MetS and offspring of parents without MetS were included in the analysis. <b><i>Results:</i></b> A total of 9 studies met the inclusion criteria and they were analyzed. Offspring of at least 1 parent with MetS had a higher risk of MetS (OR 3.88, 95% CI 2.58–5.83, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Sons and daughters of fathers with MetS both had a higher risk of MetS (OR 2.31, 95% CI 1.70–3.12, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001, and OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.37–2.18, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001, respectively). Sons and daughters of mothers with MetS both had a higher risk of MetS (OR 1.95, 95% CI 1.37–2.76, <i>p</i> = 0.0002, and OR 1.91, 95% CI 1.54–2.35, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001, respectively). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> This meta-analysis showed that there is a higher risk of MetS in the offspring of parents with MetS. However, there was no differential association of MetS according to gender and/or age of the offspring.