Water vapor profiles from Raman Lidar at Neumayer Station III in 2023@en

The dataset contains vertical profiles of atmospheric water vapor mixing ratio, including its errors. The measurements were performed with the Raman lidar PollyXT Arielle inside the Oceanet container. The platform was deployed approximately 380m south of Neumayer Station III, Antarctica (70.67°S, 8.27°W), from 16 January 2023 till 31 December 2023. The raw profiles were accumulated over 30 s and 7.5 m. For the retrieval of the humidity profiles, the data was additionally smoothed with a sliding average over 10 min and 5 vertical bins (bin-width is 7.5 m; lidar pointing direction is 5° off-zenith). The data is retrieved with the traditional Raman method for water vapour profiles (Whiteman et al., 1992) neglecting the difference of AOD (Aerosol Optical Depth) between 387 nm and 407 nm. Additionally, signal-to-noise (SNR) ratios of the two signals (at 407 nm for water vapour, and at 387 nm for nitrogen) and a quality mask (QM) are provided. The quality mask QM is equal to 1 (invalid) if the SNR at the 387 nm channel is <1 or the SNR of the 407 channel is <5.本数据集包含大气水汽混合比的垂直廓线及其误差。测量工作采用拉曼激光雷达（Raman lidar）PollyXT Arielle，在Oceanet集装箱内完成。该观测平台部署于南极洲诺伊迈尔三号站（Neumayer Station III）以南约380米处，地理坐标为南纬70.67°、西经8.27°，观测时段为2023年1月16日至2023年12月31日。原始垂直廓线以30秒为时间累积窗口、7.5米为垂直间隔进行叠加整合。为反演湿度廓线，数据还通过滑动平均做了进一步平滑处理：时间窗口设为10分钟，垂直方向采用5个垂直箱（bin），箱宽为7.5米；激光雷达指向与天顶方向的偏角为5°。水汽廓线的反演采用Whiteman等人1992年提出的传统拉曼法，且忽略了387纳米与407纳米波段间的气溶胶光学厚度（Aerosol Optical Depth, AOD）差异。此外，数据集还提供了两个探测通道的信噪比（signal-to-noise ratio, SNR）——分别为水汽探测所用的407纳米通道，以及氮气探测所用的387纳米通道——以及质量掩码（quality mask, QM）。当387纳米通道的信噪比小于1，或407纳米通道的信噪比小于5时，质量掩码QM取值为1，代表该数据无效。