Novel insights into the deep geothermal processes in the collapsed continental orogenic belt based on the evolution analysis of multi-hierarchy geothermal water flow systems

We tried to understand the geothermal water flow system by jointly employing data of hydrogeochemistry and compositions of H/O/He/Ne isotopes and radioisotopes 39Ar, 85Kr, and 14C of geothermal fluids. The findings offer insights into the spatial variations of temperature, helium concentration, and isotope compositions in geothermal fluids within the orogenic belt, and thus improves our understanding of the dynamics of deep geothermal processes in regions of orogenic belts, which is critical for future geothermal energy development in these regions.