Studies included in the Bayesian linear meta-regression of the overall carriage prevalence.

H: Health care setting, C: Community setting 1Maela refugee camp at the Thailand-Myanmar border. 2Gaza strip. *Data from the study extracted from Darboe et al. [58]. ** Data were extracted from Flasche et al. [20]. RX: random sample from cross sectional survey, RH: random outpatient sample, SC: school cohort (i.e. all children or staff in a particular school/DCC/class), M: mothers, F: family members, BC: birth cohort. Italicised are the adults samples where adults are parents or staff members looking after the young children included.