Parkes observations for project P1338 semester 2025APRS_05

Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are millisecond-duration radio bursts of extragalactic origin. Since the discovery of the first FRB in the archival Parkes/Murriyang multibeam data, a broad dichotomy in population has emerged. Some FRBs have been seen to be repeating, while others are not, despite a significant amount of follow-up using different radio telescopes. The repeating FRB 20240114A was recently discovered by CHIME/FRB, which has been seen to have an exceptionally high burst activity. Such extreme burst activity has not been seen in any other source. The repeating FRBs, such as FRB 20240114A, provide an unparalleled window into their circumburst environment due to their repeating nature, which can be used to constrain possible progenitor models and test underlying emission mechanisms. The previous Parkes/Murriyang source follow-up has also revealed intriguing spectro-polarimetric properties, such as frequency-dependent evolution of burst central frequency or chromaticity, a possible activity window, significantly large circular polarisation (CP), and frequency-dependent CP. These properties hold the key towards understanding the circumburst environment of the FRBs, and test possible progenitor models. A large bandwidth instrument with reliable polarimetry has been critical in uncovering these properties. The ultra-wideband low (UWL) receiver on Parkes/Murriyang is ideally suited to explore the source's wideband spectro-temporal and polarimetric behaviour. We propose a campaign to regularly follow up FRB 20240114A to ascertain its long-term evolution of spectro-temporal properties.快速射电暴（Fast Radio Bursts，FRB）是起源于河外星系、持续时长仅毫秒级的射电暴。自帕克斯（Parkes）/穆里扬（Murriyang）多波束观测数据档案中发现首例FRB以来，该类暴源的群体已呈现出显著的二分特征：尽管学界已借助多台不同射电望远镜开展了大量后续观测，但部分FRB被证实会重复爆发，另一部分则仅单次爆发。由加拿大氢强度测绘实验快速射电暴（CHIME/FRB）项目近期发现的重复暴源FRB 20240114A，展现出异常剧烈的爆发活动——这类极端爆发活跃度此前从未在其他暴源中被观测到。像FRB 20240114A这类重复FRB，凭借其重复爆发的特性，为研究暴周环境提供了独一无二的窗口，可用于约束潜在的前身星模型并检验其核心辐射机制。此前针对帕克斯/穆里扬望远镜观测到的暴源开展的后续研究，还揭示出多项极具研究价值的光谱偏振特性：例如暴源中心频率的频率依赖演化或色色散特性、潜在的爆发活动窗口、显著高强度的圆偏振（Circular Polarisation，CP）以及圆偏振随频率的依赖关系。这些特性是破解FRB暴周环境、验证各类潜在前身星模型的关键所在。具备可靠偏振测量能力的大带宽观测设备，是揭示上述特性的核心工具。帕克斯/穆里扬望远镜搭载的超宽带低频（Ultra-wideband Low，UWL）接收机，堪称探索该暴源宽频光谱时域与偏振行为的理想设备。本研究拟开展针对FRB 20240114A的常态化后续观测项目，以明确其光谱时域特性的长期演化规律。