World Health Organization–recommended EPI schedule, 2012.

Adapted from [67].aSince perinatal or early postnatal transmission is an important cause of chronic infections globally, all infants should receive their first dose of hepatitis B vaccine as soon as possible (bOPV alone, including a birth dose, is recommended in all polio-endemic countries and those at high risk for importation and subsequent spread. A birth dose is not considered necessary in countries where the risk of polio virus transmission is low, even if the potential for importation is high/very high.cFor infants, three primary doses (the 3p+0 schedule) or, as an alternative, two primary doses plus a booster (the 2p+1 schedule). If the 3p+0 schedule is used, vaccination can be initiated as early as 6 weeks of age with an interval between doses of 4–8 weeks. If the 2p+1 schedule is selected, the two primary doses should ideally be completed by 6 months of age, starting as early as 6 weeks of age with a minimum interval of 8 weeks between the two doses (for infants aged ≥7 months a minimum interval of 4 weeks between doses is possible). One booster dose should be given at 9–15 months of age.dIf Rotarix is used, only two doses are administered.eIn countries that have achieved a high level of control of measles, the initial dose of measles vaccine can be administered at 12 months of age. All children are currently expected to receive a second dose of measles vaccine. In the least developed countries this is often administered through mass immunization campaigns.fRubella vaccine, administered in combination with measles vaccine, is recommended for countries that reliably administer two doses of measles vaccine and have achieved a high level of measles control.gYellow fever should be co-administered at the infant visit when measles vaccine is administered.hJapanese encephalitis vaccines may be given at age 12 months for children living in highly endemic areas.DTP, diphtheria toxoid, tetanus toxoid, and whole cell pertussis vaccine combination; HBV, hepatitis B vaccine; Hib, Haemophilus Influenzae type b conjugate vaccine; OPV, oral polio vaccine; pentavalent combination, DTP+HBV+Hib formulated to be administered in combination as a single injection; PnCV, pneumococcal conjugate vaccine containing either 10 or 13 separate conjugates of different capsular serotypes.