Particle size distribution data and major and trace element geochemistry data from end of river sites and flood plumes for the Burdekin and Tully Rivers as well as additional sites in the Johnstone, Ross and Haughton Rivers (NESP project 5.8, JCU)

The dataset contains the particle size distribution analysis (on a Malvern Mastersizer 3000 laser diffraction) and major and trace element geochemistry data for end of river and flood plume samples from the 2017, 2018 and 2019 Burdekin flood events as well as for the 2017 and 2018 Tully flood events. Additional data are provided from the Ross River, Haughton River and Johnstone River. * This dataset is currently under embargo.The grain size data were analysed following treatment with H2O2 which is designed to remove the organic material from the samples. Hence the data should be considered as a ‘treated grain size’ according to the protocols recommended in the Bainbridge et al. (in review) manuscript. The dataset represents the first time end of river and plume samples have been treated to examine the primary grain size. In addition, these are the first samples analysed from the > 25 PSU zone in the plume and samples > 10 PSU for grain size and geochemistry were also rare.Bainbridge, Z. Lewis, S. Stevens, T. Petus, C. Lazarus, E. Gorman, J. Smithers, S. in review. Measuring sediment grain size across the catchment to reef continuum: Improved methods and environmental insights. Marine Pollution Bulletin.Methods:Our dataset includes end-of-river (EoR) suspended sediment samples from the Burdekin and Tully Rivers captured during high flow events that occurred over the 2016-2017 and 2017-2018 water years, and also the 2018-2019 water year for the Burdekin. Opportunistic, representative samples were also collected from the neighbouring South Johnstone River (Wet Tropics) in 2018, and the Herbert (Wet Tropics), Ross and Haughton (Dry Tropics) Rivers in 2019. In total 15 samples were analysed for the Burdekin, three for the Tully, two for the Ross and one each for the neighbouring South Johnstone, Herbert and Haughton Rivers. The Herbert River sample was a composite of daily sampling across the discharge peak from 4th to 7th February, 2019. Samples were collected off bridges with a 10 L container.Flood plume sampling along the estuarine salinity gradient from the river mouth was conducted immediately following EoR sample collection. Given the larger size and duration of the Burdekin flood plume, sample sites targeted the movement of the plume over a number of days guided by near real-time MODIS satellite imagery. Sites were located along a salinity gradient transect extending from the freshwater reaches of the estuary and sites were selected to coincide with the environmental instrument arrays installed at Orchard Rocks, Havannah Island and Dunk Island. Flood plume samples were collected using the SediPump® high-volume filtration system to ensure adequate samples sizes to complete the analyses. Pump durations at each site were 2-3 hours, which includes the time to collect the depth samples (1-2m above local benthic depth).For further details on the grain size analysis see:Bainbridge, Z. Lewis, S. Stevens, T. Petus, C. Lazarus, E. Gorman, J. Smithers, S. in review. Measuring sediment grain size across the catchment to reef continuum: Improved methods and environmental insights. Marine Pollution Bulletin.Limitations of the data:The sample pre-treatment of the grain size data need to be understood where H2O2 was used to remove the organics from the sample. Format:The data are provided as a Microsoft Excel file.References:Lewis, S., Bainbridge, Z. Stevens, T., Garzon-Garcia, A., Chen, C., Bahadori, M., Burton, J., James, C., Smithers, S. and Olley, J. (2020) What’s really damaging the Reef?: Tracing the origin and fate of the environmentally detrimental sediment and associated bioavailable nutrients. Report to the National Environmental Science Program. Reef and Rainforest Research Centre Limited, Cairns (250pp.).Bainbridge, Z. Lewis, S. Stevens, T. Petus, C. Lazarus, E. Gorman, J. Smithers, S. in review. Measuring sediment grain size across the catchment to reef continuum: Improved methods and environmental insights. Marine Pollution Bulletin.Data Location:This dataset is filed in the eAtlas enduring data repository at: data\custodian\2019-2022-NESP-TWQ-5\5.8_Origin-detrimental-sediment

本数据集包含2017、2018及2019年伯德金（Burdekin）洪水事件，以及2017、2018年塔利（Tully）洪水事件的河口末端与洪水羽流样品的粒度分布分析（采用马尔文 Mastersizer 3000 激光衍射仪（Malvern Mastersizer 3000）完成），以及常量和微量元素地球化学数据。此外还包含罗斯河（Ross River）、霍顿河（Haughton River）与约翰斯通河（Johnstone River）的相关数据。*本数据集目前暂未公开（处于保密限制期）。

粒度数据经过氧化氢（H₂O₂）处理后完成分析，该处理步骤用于去除样品中的有机质。因此根据贝恩布里奇等学者（Bainbridge et al.，待刊）论文中推荐的实验方案，本数据应被视为“处理后粒度数据”。本数据集为首次对河口末端与羽流沉积物样品开展预处理，以探究其原始粒度特征。此外，本数据集亦是首次针对洪水羽流中盐度大于25实用盐度单位（Practical Salinity Unit, PSU）的区域采集分析样品，且针对盐度大于10 PSU区域的粒度与地球化学分析样品同样极为稀缺。

贝恩布里奇等学者的待刊论文：Bainbridge, Z. Lewis, S. Stevens, T. Petus, C. Lazarus, E. Gorman, J. Smithers, S. 待刊. 流域-珊瑚礁连续体沉积物粒度测定：改进方法与环境启示. 海洋污染通报（Marine Pollution Bulletin）.

### 研究方法
本数据集包含2016-2017、2017-2018水文年，以及2018-2019水文年（仅伯德金河）高流量事件期间采集的伯德金河与塔利河的河口末端（End-of-River, EoR）悬浮沉积物样品。2018年还从邻近的南约翰斯通河（湿热带地区）采集了代表性的应急样品，2019年则采集了赫伯特河（湿热带地区）、罗斯河与霍顿河（干热带地区）的同类样品。总计分析了15份伯德金河样品、3份塔利河样品、2份罗斯河样品，以及邻近的南约翰斯通河、赫伯特河与霍顿河各1份样品。其中赫伯特河样品为2019年2月4日至7日洪水峰值期间每日采样的混合样。样品通过10 L容器在桥梁处采集。

河口末端样品采集完成后，立即沿河口盐度梯度开展洪水羽流采样。鉴于伯德金河洪水羽流规模更大、持续时间更长，采样点位依托近实时MODIS卫星影像（MODIS satellite imagery）追踪羽流移动轨迹，布设多日采样。采样点沿河口淡水端至咸水区的盐度梯度断面分布，并与安装在奥查德岩（Orchard Rocks）、哈瓦那岛（Havannah Island）与邓克岛（Dunk Island）的环境监测阵列重合。洪水羽流样品采用SediPump® 大体积过滤系统（SediPump®）采集，以确保获得足够的样品量完成分析。每个采样点的泵吸时长为2-3小时，其中包含采集距当地底质1-2米深度样品的时间。

粒度分析的详细方法参见：Bainbridge, Z. Lewis, S. Stevens, T. Petus, C. Lazarus, E. Gorman, J. Smithers, S. 待刊. 流域-珊瑚礁连续体沉积物粒度测定：改进方法与环境启示. 海洋污染通报（Marine Pollution Bulletin）.

### 数据局限性
需注意粒度数据的样品前处理步骤：采用过氧化氢（H₂O₂）去除样品中的有机质。

### 数据格式
本数据集以微软 Excel（Microsoft Excel）文件形式提供。

### 参考文献
1. Lewis, S., Bainbridge, Z., Stevens, T., Garzon-Garcia, A., Chen, C., Bahadori, M., Burton, J., James, C., Smithers, S. & Olley, J. (2020) 何为真正破坏大堡礁的因素？追踪有害环境沉积物与相关生物可利用营养盐的来源与归宿. 提交给国家环境科学计划（National Environmental Science Program）的报告. 凯恩斯珊瑚礁与雨林研究中心有限公司, 250页.
2. Bainbridge, Z., Lewis, S., Stevens, T., Petus, C., Lazarus, E., Gorman, J., Smithers, S. 待刊. 流域-珊瑚礁连续体沉积物粒度测定：改进方法与环境启示. 海洋污染通报（Marine Pollution Bulletin）.

### 数据存储位置
本数据集存档于eAtlas永久数据存储库（eAtlas enduring data repository）中，路径为：datacustodian2019-2022-NESP-TWQ-55.8_Origin-detrimental-sediment