IDENTIFICACIÓN Y CUANTIFICACIÓN DE ÁCIDOS GRASOS PRESENTES EN TRES MACROALGAS DE ISLA CARIBE, ESTADO SUCRE, VENEZUELA

In the present work, the fatty acids present in three Rhodophyta macroalgae collected in March 2001 on the Caribbean island (Sucre state, Venezuela): Centroceras clavulatum, Hypnea valentiae and Gymnogongrus tenuis, were studied. Lipid extraction was carried out by the Overturf and Dryer method, for the characterization and quantification of fatty acids (FA) a gas chromatograph was used. The study showed the occurrence of nine saturated fatty acids:13:0, 14:0, 15:0,16:0, 18:0, 19:0, 20:0, 22:0 and 24:0, two monounsaturated fatty acids:16:1ω-7 and 18:1ω-7, and five polyunsaturated fatty acids:18:2ω-6, 18:4, 20:2, 20:5ω-3 and 22:6ω-3. The algae C. clavulatun presented 13 fatty acids, and the other two algae presented 9 FA, resulting the FA 16:0, 18:2ω-6, 20:2, 20:5ω-3 and 22:6ω-3 common for the three species. In red algae, the most abundant fatty acid is eicosapentaenoic acid, but in this work docosahexaenoic acid stood out due to its high percentages for the algae studied, which is an important difference with rhodophyceans from other regions that could be attributed to environmental factors. Only marine algae can biosynthesize essential fatty acids, the presence of significant amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 in the species analyzed gives it value in humans and animals diets本研究针对2001年3月采自委内瑞拉苏克雷州加勒比海海域的三种红藻门（Rhodophyta）大型海藻——簇集顶丝藻（Centroceras clavulatum）、瓦氏江蓠（Hypnea valentiae）与细裸皮藻（Gymnogongrus tenuis）——中的脂肪酸展开分析。采用Overturf与Dryer法开展脂质提取，借助气相色谱仪完成脂肪酸（FA）的定性与定量表征。本研究共检出9种饱和脂肪酸：13:0、14:0、15:0、16:0、18:0、19:0、20:0、22:0及24:0；2种单不饱和脂肪酸：16:1ω-7与18:1ω-7；以及5种多不饱和脂肪酸：18:2ω-6、18:4、20:2、20:5ω-3及22:6ω-3。其中，簇集顶丝藻共检出13种脂肪酸，其余两种海藻各检出9种脂肪酸；16:0、18:2ω-6、20:2、20:5ω-3及22:6ω-3为三种海藻共有的脂肪酸组分。在红藻中，二十碳五烯酸通常为含量最丰富的脂肪酸，但本研究中受试海藻的二十二碳六烯酸占比极高，表现出显著优势——这与其他区域来源的红藻存在重要差异，该现象可归因于环境因素的影响。仅海洋藻类能够生物合成必需脂肪酸，本次分析的物种中含有高含量的多不饱和脂肪酸20:5n-3与22:6n-3，使其具备作为人类与动物膳食营养来源的价值。