Replication Data for: Anchoring as a Structural Bias of Deliberation

Replication package for: Sebastian Till Braun, Soroush Rafiee Rad, and Olivier Roy. Anchoring as a Structural Bias of Deliberation, Erkenntnis. Abstract: We study the anchoring effect in a computational model of group deliberation on preference rankings. Anchoring is a form of path-dependence through which the opinions of those who speak early have a stronger influence on the outcome of deliberation than the opinions of those who speak later. We show that anchoring can occur even among fully rational agents. We then compare the respective effects of anchoring and three other determinants of the deliberative outcome: the relative weight or social influence of the speakers, the popularity of a given speaker's opinion, and the homogeneity of the group. We find that, on average, anchoring has the strongest effect among these. We finally show that anchoring is often correlated with increases in proximity to single-plateauedness. We conclude that anchoring can constitute a structural bias that might hinder some of the otherwise positive effects of group deliberation.本复现包对应论文：Sebastian Till Braun、Soroush Rafiee Rad与Olivier Roy所著《锚定效应（anchoring effect）作为审议的结构性偏差》，发表于《认识》（Erkenntnis）期刊。摘要：本研究针对偏好排序的群体审议计算模型，探究锚定效应的作用机制。锚定效应属于路径依赖（path-dependence）的一种表现形式，即较早发言者的观点对审议结果的影响力显著高于较晚发言者的观点。本研究证明，即便在完全理性的主体群体中，锚定效应同样可能出现。随后，本研究对比了锚定效应与另外三类审议结果决定因素各自的影响：发言者的相对权重或社会影响力、特定发言者观点的受欢迎程度，以及群体的同质性。研究结果显示，平均而言，锚定效应在这四类因素中影响最为显著。最后，本研究证明，锚定效应往往与群体偏好更接近单高原性（single-plateauedness）的程度提升存在相关性。本研究最终得出结论：锚定效应可作为一种结构性偏差，削弱群体审议本应具备的部分积极效用。