Potential Association of certain microRNA gene polymorphisms with recurrent pregnancy loss susceptibility in Saudi women

MicroRNA (miRNA) polymorphisms are increasingly recognized as important regulators of reproductive outcomes, but their role in recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is still unexplored in specific populations. This case control study investigated six miRNA polymorphisms (miR-10-A>T, miR-125-G>A, miR-146a-C>G, miR-149-T>C, miR-323b-C>T, miR-499-A>G) in 50 Saudi women with idiopathic (≥ 2 losses) and 50 matched controls (≥ 1 live birth, no loss history) using PCR Sanger sequencing. Significant associations were found for heterozygous genotypes of miR-146a-C>G (OR=2.29, 95% Cl:1.02-5.18, *p*=0.046) and miR-149-T>C (OR=2.67, 95% Cl:1.08-6.61, *p*=0.034) with higher prevalence in RPL patients versus controls, while other polymorphisms showed no significant association (*p*>0.05). These results suggest miR-146a and miR-149 can contribute to RPL susceptibility in Saudi women, highlighting their potential as population-specific genetic biomarkers and underscoring the need for further research into miRNA-mediated pregnancy maintenance mechanisms.微RNA（MicroRNA，miRNA）多态性日益被认为是生殖结局的重要调控因子，但其在复发性流产（recurrent pregnancy loss，RPL）中的作用在特定人群中仍未得到充分探究。本病例对照研究采用聚合酶链式反应-桑格测序（PCR Sanger sequencing）技术，对50名特发性复发性流产（流产≥2次）沙特女性及50名匹配对照者（活产≥1次、无流产史）的6种miRNA多态性位点（miR-10-A>T、miR-125-G>A、miR-146a-C>G、miR-149-T>C、miR-323b-C>T、miR-499-A>G）进行了检测分析。结果显示，miR-146a-C>G的杂合基因型（比值比OR=2.29，95%置信区间CI：1.02~5.18，*p*=0.046）与miR-149-T>C的杂合基因型（OR=2.67，95%CI：1.08~6.61，*p*=0.034）在复发性流产患者中的检出率显著高于对照人群，其余多态性位点则未表现出显著关联（*p*>0.05）。本研究结果表明，miR-146a与miR-149可能参与沙特女性复发性流产的易感性调控，提示二者可作为该人群特异性的遗传生物标志物，同时也凸显了深入探究miRNA介导的妊娠维持机制的必要性。