Anti-Centromere Antibodies and the Centromere Fluorescence Pattern: A Systematic Review from Laboratory Detection to Clinical Applications

Anti-centromere antibody(ACA)is a significant serological marker in autoimmune diseases.Its detection relies on the characteristic centromere fluorescence pattern observed under indirect immunofluorescence(IIF).This antibody is closely associated with various diseases,demonstrating particular diagnostic and prognostic value in systemic sclerosis(SSc),its subtypes,and primary Sjögren's syndrome(pSS).This review systematically summarizes the detection methodologies,clinical significance,and practical applications of ACA and its distinctive fluorescent pattern.Key areas covered include the molecular basis of its target antigens,technical aspects and interpretative challenges of the IIF method,its diagnostic specificity and prognostic implications in SSc,as well as its frequency and significance in other diseases.The review also discusses the clinical relevance of antibody titers and proposes strategies for clinical testing application.It aims to provide rheumatologists and laboratory professionals with a comprehensive understanding of ACA to facilitate its rational use and accurate interpretation.