Spread sheet containing quantitative data.

The phosphorylation state of PSD-95 at Serine 295 (Ser295) is important for the regulation of synaptic plasticity. Although the activation of NMDA receptors (NMDARs), which initiates an intracellular calcium signaling cascade, decreases phosphorylated Ser295 (pS295) of PSD-95, the molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. We found that the calcium-activated protein phosphatase PP2B dephosphorylated pS295 not only in basal conditions but also in NMDAR-activated conditions in cultured neurons. The biochemical assay also revealed the dephosphorylation of pS295 by PP2B, consistently supporting the results obtained using neurons. The newly identified calcium signaling cascade “Ca2+-PP2B-PSD-95 axis” would play an important role in the molecular mechanism for NMDA receptor-dependent plasticity.