Visual effects in great bowerbird sexual displays and their implications for signal design

It is often assumed that the primary purpose of a male's sexual display is to provide information about quality, or to strongly stimulate prospective mates, but other functions of courtship displays have been relatively neglected. Male great bowerbirds (Ptilonorhynchus nuchalis) construct bowers that exploit the female's predictable field of view (FOV) during courtship displays by creating forced perspective illusions, and the quality of illusion is a good predictor of mating success. Here, we present and discuss two additional components of male courtship displays that use the female's predetermined viewpoint: (i) the rapid and diverse flashing of coloured objects within her FOV and (ii) chromatic adaptation of the female's eyes that alters her perception of the colour of the displayed objects. Neither is directly related to mating success, but both are likely to increase signal efficacy, and may also be associated with attracting and holding the female's attention. Signal efficacy is ...学界普遍认为，雄性性展示的核心功能在于传递自身质量相关信息，或是强力吸引潜在配偶，但求偶展示的其他功能却长期受到相对忽视。斑大亭鸟（*Ptilonorhynchus nuchalis*）会搭建求偶亭，通过构建强制透视错觉，利用雌性在求偶过程中可预判的视野（FOV），而此类错觉的质量可有效预测雄性的交配成功率。本研究提出并探讨了雄性求偶展示中另外两项基于雌性预设视野的行为：其一为在雌性视野范围内快速且多样地闪烁彩色物体；其二为通过对雌性眼部实施色适应，改变其对展示物体色彩的感知。二者均未与交配成功率直接相关，但均有望提升信号效能，且可能有助于吸引并维持雌性的注意力。信号效能为……