The <em>Carpiodes</em> conundrum: Molecular hypothesis testing informs conservation applications for Carpsuckers (Catostomidae: Carpiodes) in Texas and beyond

Sufficient taxonomic understanding is critical for biodiversity conservation. This is particularly relevant among freshwater fishes, where cryptic undescribed species cause difficulties for promoting conservation efforts. Catostomidae (i.e., suckers) is a family of freshwater fishes with cryptic diversity and biological traits that make them difficult to classify taxonomically. Among suckers, the Carpsuckers (Carpiodes carpio, Carpiodes cyprinus, Carpiodes velifer) possess uncertain taxonomic classifications and cryptic diversity despite a rich history of research. Within Carpiodes, uniquely slender bodied populations occurring in Western Gulf of Mexico drainages suggest potential for an undescribed species. Originally collected in the Llano River, tributary to the Texas Colorado River, Llano River Carpsucker are morphologically similar to C. cyprinus. Our study explores how historical biogeographic scenarios may have led to lineage diversification of Llano River Carpsucker. We test com..., , # Data from: The *Carpiodes* conundrum: Molecular hypothesis testing informs conservation applications for Carpsuckers (Catostomidae: Carpiodes) in Texas and beyond Dataset DOI: [10.5061/dryad.mw6m9069d](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.mw6m9069d) ## Description of the data and file structure Data comprises mitochondrial (CYTB) and nuclear (IRBP2) sequences from tissued catostomid specimens collected from field work as part of this study and tissues from voucher specimens originating from several museums (see paper *Acknowledgements*). Sequences were used to create phylogenetic trees, haplotype networks and genetic distance estimates. All sequences herein were uploaded to GenBank (PV579174-PV579834) and include metadata on locality information for each specimen. Metadata for each specimen can also be found in Supplementary Table S1 of the paper. Data also includes spatial information on the distribution of *Carpiodes* taxa, *Carpiodes* clades, and hypothesized biogeographic history. ...,充分的分类学认知对生物多样性保护至关重要。这一点在淡水鱼类类群中尤为关键——隐秘的未描述物种常为保护工作的推进带来重重阻碍。吸口鲤科（Catostomidae，俗称吸口鱼）是一类具有隐秘多样性且生物学特征复杂、难以进行分类学鉴定的淡水鱼类类群。其中，鲤吸口鲤类（Carpiodes carpio、Carpiodes cyprinus、Carpiodes velifer）尽管已有丰富的研究历史，但其分类地位仍不明确，且存在隐秘多样性。在鲤吸口鲤属（Carpiodes）内，墨西哥湾西部流域中特有的纤细体型种群，暗示存在未被描述的新物种。最初在德克萨斯州科罗拉多河支流利亚诺河采集的利亚诺河鲤吸口鲤，其形态与C. cyprinus极为相似。本研究旨在探讨历史生物地理情景如何推动了利亚诺河鲤吸口鲤的谱系分化，并对其开展检验…… # 数据集来源：《鲤吸口鲤属难题：分子假说验证为德克萨斯州及其他地区鲤吸口鲤类（吸口鲤科：鲤吸口鲤属）提供保护应用依据》 数据集DOI：[10.5061/dryad.mw6m9069d](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.mw6m9069d) ## 数据与文件结构说明 本数据集包含本研究野外采集的吸口鲤科标本组织，以及来自多家博物馆凭证标本的组织的线粒体基因（CYTB）和核基因（IRBP2）序列（详见论文致谢部分）。 研究人员利用所获序列构建了系统发育树、单倍型网络，并估算了遗传距离。所有序列均已上传至GenBank（登录号：PV579174-PV579834），并附带每份标本的采样地点元数据。每份标本的元数据亦可在论文补充表S1中查阅。此外，数据集还包含鲤吸口鲤类群、鲤吸口鲤类群支系的分布空间信息，以及推测的生物地理历史。