Mindfully Accepting and Attending: Different Paths to Accentuating the Positive and Eliminating the Negative.

Mindfulness is a multifaceted practice that affects wellbeing. The separate facets of mindfulness have been theoretically grouped into those involving increased attention (awareness, observation, and description) or nonevaluative acceptance of experience (non-reactivity and non-judgement).
Research suggests acceptance facets may more effectively downregulate negative experience than their counterparts, whereas attention facets may more effectively upregulate positive experience. Present research examines the effects of each mindfulness facet on optimism in study 1 (n = 157) and on dispositional positive emotion and neuroticism in study 2 (n = 275). Results show that awareness predicts optimism above and beyond other facets and that observation has a significantly larger effect on positive emotion than the acceptance facets. Conversely, non-judgement and non-reactivity predict reduced neuroticism more strongly than the attentional components. Findings support the conclusion that facets of mindfulness affect different wellbeing outcomes and do so with different levels of effectiveness.

正念是一项多维度的实践，它对福祉产生深远影响。正念的各个维度在理论上被划分为涉及注意力提升（觉察、观察与描述）或对经验的非评价性接纳（非反应性与非评判性）两类。研究指出，接纳维度可能比其对应维度更有效地下调负面体验，而注意力维度可能更有效地上调积极体验。当前研究考察了正念的各个维度对研究1（样本量n = 157）中的乐观主义以及研究2（样本量n = 275）中的性格积极情绪和神经质的影响。结果显示，觉察在其他维度之上预测了乐观主义，而观察对积极情绪的影响显著大于接纳维度。相反，非评判性和非反应性比注意力成分更能强烈预测神经质的降低。这些发现支持了这样的结论：正念的各个维度对不同的福祉结果产生作用，且其作用效果各有差异。