CHARACTERISTICS OF CHROMATIC AND ACHROMATIC COLORS: A COGNITIVE-SEMANTIC ANALYSIS IN ENGLISH AND KARAKALPAK LANGUAGES

This article explores the cognitive-semantic characteristics of chromatic and achromatic color terms in English and Karakalpak languages. The study investigates how speakers of different linguistic systems conceptualize, categorize, and lexicalize colors, with special attention to perceptual, cultural, and linguistic factors. The research demonstrates that while both languages share universal perceptual foundations of color cognition, they differ significantly in lexical categorization, semantic extension, and metaphorical usage of color terms. The findings contribute to cross-linguistic semantics, cognitive linguistics, and cultural linguistics by revealing how language shapes color perception and conceptualization.