DNA metabarcoding assessment of Neotropical ichthyoplankton communities is marker-dependent

Raw sequencing file of the arcticle "DNA metabarcoding assessment of Neotropical ichthyoplankton communities is marker-dependent", by Daniel Fonseca Teixeira1, 2, Heron Oliveira Hilário1, Gilmar Bastos Santos1, Daniel Cardoso Carvalho1*

1- Post-Graduate Program in Vertebrate Biology, Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais, PUC Minas, Belo Horizonte 30535-610, Brazil;

2- Post-Graduate Program in Genetics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil;

The study of ichthyoplankton is paramount to understanding fish assemblages’ reproductive dynamics. DNA metabarcoding has been applied as a rapid, cost-effective, and accurate taxonomy tool, allowing the identification of multiple individuals simultaneously. However, there remain significant challenges when using DNA metabarcoding, such as molecular marker choice according to the taxonomic resolution and length of the fragment to be sequenced, primer bias, incomplete reference databases, and qualitative inferences incongruences. Here, 30 ichthyoplankton pools collected from a Neotropical river were identified at a molecular level using DNA metabarcoding to compare the resolution, sensibility, specificity and relative read abundance (RRA) recovery of three molecular markers: the standard COI fragment (650pb, with each strand analyzed individually) and two short 12S rRNA genes markers (@ 200bp - NeoFish and MiFish markers). The combined use of the three markers increased the genera detection rates by 25% to 87.5%, allowing an increased taxonomic coverage and robust taxonomic identification of complex Neotropical ichthyoplankton communities. RRA is marker-dependent, indicating caution is still needed whilst inferring species abundance based on DNA metabarcoding data when using PCR-dependent protocols.