Loci detected as being associated with PUE in experiments 1 and 2.

aInterval size estimate base on linkage blocks present at respective locus (supplementary S5 Fig)bAt each PUE peak we examined whether variation for root or shoot biomass contributed over-proportionally to peak significance.cResult of an analysis including only accessions of the indica subspecies (n = 65). The significance level decreased to 6.2E-04 for the analysis across subpopulations.TrJ = tropical japonica.‘nd’ signifies ‘not detected’Loci detected as being associated with PUE in experiments 1 and 2.