三江源地区1km重点野生动物适宜分布图集（2021年）

三江源地区重点野生动物适宜分布图集，包括白唇鹿、藏羚羊、藏野驴、藏原羚、岩羊和野牦牛。基于野生动物本底调查或者查阅文献获得的物种分布位点；收集4大类77小类环境变量，包括气候变量（19个生物气候因子、月降水量、月平均最低温度、月平均最高温度、平均温度）；地形变量（海拔、坡度、地形曲率）；植被变量（植被归一化指数、植被类型、植被覆盖度等）；人为干扰变量（人口分布距离、道路分布距离等）。删减在1 km内出现的多个重复分布点，剔除相关性较高（| r |≥0.8）的环境变量，只选择高相关性中一个具有更多生态学含义的环境变量用于模型的构建。在Maxent建模中，选取特征分类参数中5种参数（Linear、Quadratic、Product、Threshold和Hinge）的组合模式及1~5每间隔0.5设置不同的β值（正规化系数）选取响应曲线较光滑且AICc、BIC得分最低的参数组合。分别以75%和25%位点数据为训练集和测试集，选择刀切法研判环境变量贡献率，设置10次重复运算次数，采用AUC值（0.5-1）检验结果，以0.85为临界值，高于0.85即可后续分析。使用ArcGIS的重分类功能将分布概率（P）划分为4个等级：P∈[0.6，1]为物高适宜区，P∈[0.4，0.6）为中适宜区；P∈[0.2，0.4）为低适宜区；P∈[0，0.2）为不适宜区。基于上述方法获取了白唇鹿、藏羚羊、藏野驴、藏原羚、大鵟、高山兀鹫、猎隼、雪豹、岩羊和野牦牛的适宜分布图集。

Suitable Distribution Atlas of Key Wild Animals in the Sanjiangyuan Region covers white-lipped deer, Tibetan antelope, Tibetan wild ass, Tibetan gazelle, blue sheep, and wild yak. Species distribution sites were acquired via wildlife baseline surveys or literature reviews. A total of 77 sub-categories of environmental variables under 4 major categories were collected, including climatic variables (19 bioclimatic factors, monthly precipitation, monthly mean minimum temperature, monthly mean maximum temperature, and mean temperature), topographic variables (elevation, slope, topographic curvature), vegetation variables (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, vegetation type, vegetation coverage, etc.), and anthropogenic disturbance variables (distance to population distribution, distance to road distribution, etc.). Redundant distribution points occurring within 1 km were removed, and highly correlated environmental variables (|r| ≥ 0.8) were filtered out, with only one environmental variable with stronger ecological significance among the highly correlated ones selected for model construction. In Maxent modeling, the combination patterns of five feature class parameters (Linear, Quadratic, Product, Threshold, and Hinge) and β values (regularization coefficients) set from 1 to 5 at 0.5 intervals were tested, and the parameter combination with smoother response curves and the lowest AICc and BIC scores was selected. The sites were split into a training set (75%) and a test set (25%) respectively. The jackknife test was adopted to evaluate the contribution rate of environmental variables, with 10 replicate operations set. The model performance was validated using AUC values ranging from 0.5 to 1, with a critical threshold of 0.85, and models with AUC values higher than 0.85 were reserved for subsequent analysis. The distribution probability (P) was classified into 4 levels using the reclassification function of ArcGIS: P ∈ [0.6, 1] as highly suitable habitat, P ∈ [0.4, 0.6) as moderately suitable habitat, P ∈ [0.2, 0.4) as lowly suitable habitat, and P ∈ [0, 0.2) as unsuitable habitat. Based on the aforementioned methods, suitable distribution atlases were obtained for white-lipped deer, Tibetan antelope, Tibetan wild ass, Tibetan gazelle, Upland Buzzard, Himalayan Vulture, Saker Falcon, Snow Leopard, blue sheep, and wild yak.

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

三江源地区1km重点野生动物适宜分布图集（2021年）包含多种野生动物的适宜分布信息，基于Maxent模型和多种环境变量分析生成，适用于生态学研究。