First phylogeny of the shredder caddisfly genus <i>Phylloicus</i> Müller, 1880 (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae)

<i>Phylloicus</i> is the most diverse calamoceratid caddisfly genus in the Neotropics; here the first phylogeny for the genus is inferred based on a Bayesian analysis of 105 morphological characters and COI barcoding. Results support the monophyly of <i>Phylloicus</i> and the close affinity to <i>Anisocentropus</i> (primarily Oriental and Australasian). The results recovered two of three previously proposed species groups: the <i>P. chalybeus</i> Group (Antillean species) and <i>P. aeneus</i> Group (Mesoamerican species). We propose <i>P. bromeliarum</i> Group, characterized by species with triangular preanal appendages. Palaeobiogeographic considerations suggest that <i>Phylloicus</i> likely radiated in the Palaeocene after the breakup of the austral trans-Antarctic connection and the formation of modern tropical forests. Additionally, <i>Phylloicus camboim</i> sp. nov. is described based on adult males collected in a forested fragment in the Cerrado savanna of southeastern Brazil and placed in the <i>P. bromeliarum</i> Group. The results also indicate that the corematic pheromone structures and the modified sternum IX withdrawn into sternum VIII evolved several times independently. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9800A711-3039-4C8C-9EFC-E67D50B0B153