DataSheet_1_Oral Microbiota Composition and Function Changes During Chronic Erythematous Candidiasis.docx

Oral microbiota is constantly changing with the host state, whereas the oral microbiome of chronic erythematous candidiasis remains poorly understood. The aim of this study was to compare oral microbial signatures and functional profiling between chronic erythematous candidiasis and healthy subjects. Using shotgun metagenomic sequencing, we analyzed the microbiome in 12 chronic erythematous candidiasis, 12 healthy subjects, and 2 chronic erythematous candidiasis cured by antifungal therapy. We found that the salivary microbiota of chronic erythematous candidiasis was significantly different from that of healthy subjects. Among them, Rothia mucilaginosa and Streptococcus mitis were the most abundant disease-enriched species (Mann-Whitney U-test, P < 0.05). In addition, co-occurrence network analysis showed that C. albicans formed densely connected modules with oral bacterial species and was mainly positive connected to Streptococcus species. Furthermore, we investigated the functional potentials of the microbiome and identified a set of microbial marker genes associated with chronic erythematous candidiasis. Some of these genes enriching in chronic erythematous candidiasis are involved in eukaryotic ribosome, putative glutamine transport system, and cytochrome bc1 complex respiratory unit. Altogether, this study revealed the changes of oral microbial composition, the co-occurrence between C. albicans and oral bacteria, as well as the changes of microbial marker genes during chronic erythematous candidiasis, which provides evidence of oral microbiome as a target for the treatment and prevention of chronic erythematous candidiasis.

口腔微生物群落与宿主状态持续变化，而慢性红斑念珠菌病的口腔微生态学尚未得到充分理解。本研究旨在比较慢性红斑念珠菌病与健康受试者之间的口腔微生物特征和功能图谱。通过使用散弹式宏基因组测序技术，我们对12例慢性红斑念珠菌病、12例健康受试者以及2例通过抗真菌疗法治愈的慢性红斑念珠菌病患者的口腔微生物组进行了分析。我们发现，慢性红斑念珠菌病的唾液微生物群落与健康受试者的存在显著差异。其中，粘液罗氏菌和链球菌是最丰富的疾病富集物种（Mann-Whitney U检验，P < 0.05）。此外，共现网络分析显示，白色念珠菌与口腔细菌形成了紧密连接的模块，并与链球菌物种主要呈正相关连接。进一步地，我们研究了微生物组的潜在功能，并鉴定出一组与慢性红斑念珠菌病相关的微生物标志基因。其中一些在慢性红斑念珠菌病中富集的基因涉及真核生物核糖体、推测的谷氨酰胺转运系统以及细胞色素bc1复合体呼吸单位。总之，本研究揭示了慢性红斑念珠菌病期间口腔微生物组成的改变、白色念珠菌与口腔细菌的共现关系，以及微生物标志基因的变化，为口腔微生态学作为慢性红斑念珠菌病治疗和预防的目标提供了证据。