Motivation for language learning and international migration

Today, insights into the motivation of L2 learners in universities and schools abound. However, findings can translate poorly to populations of adult migrants where language proficiency is inextricably bound up with life opportunities where the future is often uncertain , and where L2 learning is a long time high stakes process (Ortega, 2019). To address this knowledge gap, the purpose of the research was (i) to identify motivation constructs relevant to the situation of adult L2 learners in circumstances of precarity, and (ii) to develop and validate scales to measure motivation.