Benthic foraminiferal I/Ca, fish teeth Ce anomaly, and Mn enrichment factor of bulk sediment during the late Paleocene-early Eocene

Important insight into the relationship between de-oxygenation and warming can be obtained from the geological record, but evidence is limited because few ocean oxygenation records are available for past greenhouse climate conditions. We use I/Ca in benthic foraminifera to reconstruct late Paleocene through early Eocene bottom and pore-water redox conditions in the South Atlantic and Southern Indian Oceans, and compare our results with those derived from Mn speciation and the Ce anomaly in fish teeth.