Toba Caldera geochronological and modelling dataset

Bayesian statistical analysis and inverse thermal history modeling of feldspar 40Ar/39Ar and zircon (U-Th)/He ages reveal that post-caldera dome eruptions at Toba Caldera, Sumatra occurred up to ca. 13.6 kyr later than indicated by 40Ar/39Ar feldspar ages. This discordance implies cold storage of feldspar antecrysts prior to eruption for a maximum duration of ca. 5 and 13 kyr at between 280°C and 500°C. These findings connote that the solidified carapace of remnant magma after the Youngest Toba Tuff (YTT) eruption ~74 ka erupted in a subsolidus state, without being thermally remobilized or rejuvenated. Our data mean that resurgent uplift and volcanism initiated approximately 5 kyrs after the climactic YTT eruption, thus providing rare constraints on resurgence after a cataclysmic supereruption. Our approach has the potential to reveal complexities in pre-eruptive storage and eruption at unprecedented temporal resolution with implications for active restless calderas and young silicic volcanoes worldwide.