Mining impacted farmland SOCD datasets in China

SOCD data were derived from two open-access datasets: the 2010s China Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon Density Dataset (D1) and the National Soil Organic Carbon Density Dataset (D2). D1 provides SOCD at 0–20 cm and 0–100 cm depths, while D2 covers multiple depths within 0–800 cm. To harmonize depth inconsistencies, we standardized D2 profiles to 0–20 cm using the mass-preserving spline method. Cropland SOCD data at 0–20 cm were then extracted from both datasets. After removing duplicates, 2,802 valid points (2000–2022) were retained, constituting the national scale dataset.
To characterize mining disturbance intensity around each sampling point, we established 10 km, 20 km, and 30 km buffers and overlaid them with the global mining area vector layer. Mining density was calculated as the area of intersection between each buffer and mining areas. Sampling points with mining density greater than zero were extracted for each buffer scale, yielding three mining-affected datasets comprising 916 (30 km scale), 564 (20 km scale), and 213 (10 km scale) samples. Together with the national-scale dataset (n = 2,802), these four datasets formed the multi-scale analytical framework employed in this study, enabling comparative analysis of mining disturbance effects across different spatial scales.