IL-9 secreted by leukemia stem cells induces Th1-skewed CD4+ T cells, which promote their expansion

We performed a comprehensive transcriptomic profiling of BM-infiltrating CD4+ T cells of AML patients from different AML patients and controls. This analysis revealed that BM-infiltrating CD4+ T cells are activated and skewed towards Th1 polarization. We characterized the molecular signature of BM-infiltrating CD4+ T cells in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) compared to control subjects.